Networking between helminths, microbes, and mammals

Loke, P’ng; Harris, Nicola L.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2023.02.008

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, stool analysis of paleosamples (4) but also stool samples collected from people living in rural areas in central Africa (5) showed a high density of parasites and this even correlated with microbiome diversity. This adaptation of bacterial diversity to parasites seems to be a more common phenomenon also in other species (6).…”

Section: Proteins In the Evolution Of Homininsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Dietary proteins: from evolution to engineering

Daniel

2024

Front. Nutr.

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Because of the indispensable amino acids dietary proteins are the most important macronutrients. Proper growth and body maintenance depends on the quantity and quality of protein intake and proteins have thus been most crucial throughout evolution with hominins living in quite diverse food ecosystems. Developments in agriculture and food science have increased availability and diversity of food including protein for a rapidly growing world population while nutrient deficiencies resulting in stunting in children for example have been reduced. Nevertheless, the developing world and growing population needs more protein of high quality – with around 400 million tons per annum estimated for 2050. In contrary, protein consumption in all developed countries exceeds meanwhile the recommended intakes considerably with consequences for health and the environment. There is a growing interest in dietary proteins driven by the quest for more sustainable diets and the increasing food demand for a growing world population. This brings new and novel sources such as algae, yeast, insects or bacteria into play in delivering the biomass but also new technologies such as precision fermentation or in vitro meat/fish or dairy. What needs to be considered when such new protein sources are explored is that proteins need to provide not only the required amino acids but also functionality in the food produced thereof. This review considers human physiology and metabolism in the context of protein intake from an evolutionary perspective and prospects on future protein production.

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Section: Proteins In the Evolution Of Homininsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Dietary proteins: from evolution to engineering

Daniel

2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…The intestine is a particularly competitive ecological environment; infection of the alimentary canal by helminths has detrimental effects on digestive function; intestinal inhabitants have found ways to utilize the host to achieve a competitive advantage in this nutrient-rich environment (Loke and Harris, 2023). Attachment organ of endoparasitic worms often induces intense inflammation (Karanis and Taraschewski, 1993; Williams et al ., 2011; Sayyaf Dezfuli et al ., 2021 a , 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of endemic chub Squalius tenellus with the intestinal tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Cestoda): histopathology and ultrastructural surveys

Sayyaf Dezfuli,

Franchella,

Bernacchia

et al. 2023

Parasitology

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The endemic chub Squalius tenellus (Heckel, 1843) was introduced more than 100 years ago to Lake Blidinje (Bosnia-Herzegovina). Only 1 species of enteric helminth was found in a sample of 35 chubs, the tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Janiszewska, 1953). The paper includes histopathological investigation with identification of innate immune cells involved in host reaction and molecular data allowed correct designation of the cestode species. Of 35 specimens of chub examined, 21 (60%) harboured individuals of C. brachycollis and a total of 1619 tapeworms were counted, the intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 390 worms per fish (46.2 ± 15.3, mean ± s.e.). Histopathological and ultrastructural investigations showed strict contact between the worm's body and the epithelia and increase in the number of mucous cells, rodlet cells among the epithelial cells. Within the tunica propria-submucosa, beneath the site of scolex attachment, numerous neutrophils and mast cells were noticed. This is the first study of the occurrence of C. brachycollis in chub from Lake Blidinje and on the response of the innate immune cells of S. tenellus to this tapeworm. Interestingly, in 3 very heavily infected chubs, perforation of the intestinal wall was documented; this is uncommon among cestodes which use fish as a definitive host.

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“…Parasites have the ability to generate substantial changes to the physical structure of the intestine and influence the immune system [ 4 ]. They also interact with the diverse bacterial population present in the intestine [ 5 ], and these interactions can have a significant impact on the outcome of infections and influence the overall health and disease status of the host [ 6 , 7 ]. On the one hand, the microbiota in the intestine has the ability to change the colonization, replication and virulence of parasites; on the other hand, the presence of parasites in the gastrointestinal tract can bring about significant changes to both the intestinal ecosystem and the environment where the microbiota resides [ 6 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara canis-induced changes in host intestinal microbial communities

Sieng,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Background Toxocara canis is a roundworm that resides in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and causes various pathological changes. The dog’s intestinal system consists of a diverse and dynamic bacterial community that has extensive effects on intestinal physiology, immunity and metabolics. In the case of intestinal parasites, interactions with the host intestinal flora are inevitable during the process of parasitism. Methods We studied the role of T. canis in regulating the composition and diversity of the intestinal flora of the host by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and various bioinformatics analyses. Results The α-diversity analysis showed that Toxocara canis infection resulted in a significant decrease in the abundance and diversity of host intestinal flora. The β-diversity analysis showed that the intestinal flora of infected dogs was similar to that carried by T. canis. Analysis of the microflora composition and differences at the phylum level showed that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) increased with T. canis infection. Analysis of species composition and differences at the genus level revealed that the proportion of some of the pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium sensu stricto and Staphylococcus, increased after T. canis infection. Conclusions Toxocara canis infection affected the composition and diversity of the flora in the host intestinal tract. These results not only shed light on the potential mechanism of T. canis invasion and long-term survival in the intestinal tract, but also provide a new basis for the development of anthelmintic drugs. Graphical Abstract

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Networking between helminths, microbes, and mammals

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Dietary proteins: from evolution to engineering

Dietary proteins: from evolution to engineering

Infection of endemic chub Squalius tenellus with the intestinal tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Cestoda): histopathology and ultrastructural surveys

Toxocara canis-induced changes in host intestinal microbial communities

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