Networked music performance over information-centric networks

Abstract

Abstract-Information-centric networking (ICN) constitutes an alternative to the conventional, IP-based, internetworking, with information itself being identified rather than the host where it resides. This approach introduces powerful tools and operations for content delivery, such as native support for multicast. Exploiting this native multicast capability is a very promising approach for multimedia applications such as Networked Music Performance (NMP), where a set of musicians located in different places wish to perform together in real time. While conferencing applications traditionally rely on a Multipoint Conferencing Unit (MCU) that receives media streams from each participant and then retransmits a mixed stream to each one, in NMP we would prefer direct communication between the participants, so as to reduce transmission delays and allow each participant to mix the incoming media streams in the desired manner. In this paper we introduce an ICN-based NMP application exploiting native multicast, and compare its performance with both MCU and non-MCU NMP variants, using both unicast and multicast.

Reducing forwarding state in content-centric networks with semi-stateless forwarding

“…While NMP applications on the current Internet are forced to direct all media streams to a centralized NMP server that redistributes them to all participants via unicast, in a CCN-based future Internet NMP participants would directly multicast media to each other, thus minimizing end-to-end delays without incurring excessive transmission costs [11]. Apart from applying our scheme to optimize NMP applications, our future work also involves studying adaptive scenarios where (i) routers employ our scheme only when they approach their memory limits and (ii) the value of d is individually selected by each router so as to minimize its own overhead.…”

“…Sources transmit packets at a constant rate and hosts consume the live stream by proactively transmitting Interests for subsequent streaming packets [9]- [11]. In multicast applications, group sizes usually follow a Zipf-like distribution [20] and we adopted this in our experiments.…”

“…For example, to fully utilize a 40 Gbps link with 1000-byte Data packets and an average RTT of 80 ms, the PIT must contain 400K entries; this must be multiplied by the number of links hosted by the router. Furthermore, real-time applications such as multimedia streaming [9]- [11] and publish-subscribe applications [12], request Data before they are generated. This leads to an increased effective RTT, as Interests remain longer in the PIT.…”

The MusiNet project: Towards unraveling the full potential of Networked Music Performance systems

“…This is inefficient with multiple participants, as it requires transmitting a copy of each media stream to every other participant. For this reason, in previous work we studied the option of avoiding the SFU by letting NMP participants directly multicast their media streams to all other participants [28]. While this does indeed reduce latency, it requires network protocols capable of multicasting data, which are not currently deployed on the Internet at large.…”

Scaling Bloom filter-based multicast via filter switching

“…bulk data backups, Map-Reduce systems etc. ), or real-time multimedia applications such as Networked Music Performance (NMP), where multicast can be used for the direct exchange of data between NMP participants, without a centralized server [1]. Such applications can highly benefit from multicast delivery.…”