Network Pharmacology and Inflammatory Microenvironment Strategy Approach to Finding the Potential Target of Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo) for Glioblastoma

Abstract

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary intracranial tumor of the central nervous system, and the prognosis of GBM remains a challenge using the standard methods of treatment—TMZ, radiation, and surgical resection. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a helpful complementary and alternative medicine. However, there are relatively few studies on TCM for GBM.Purpose: We aimed to find the connection between TCM and anti-GBM.Study design: Network pharmacology and inflammatory microenvironment strategy were used to predict Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo) target for treating glioblastoma.Methods: We mainly used network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Results: CCL5 was significantly highly expressed in GBM with poor prognostics. Uni-cox and randomForest were used to determine that CCL5 was especially a biomarker in GBM. CCL5 was also the target for SG and TMZ. The active ingredient of Luo Han Guo — squalene and CCL5 —showed high binding efficiency. CCL5, a chemotactic ligand, was enriched and positively correlated in eosinophils. CCL5 was also the target of Luo Han Guo, and its effective active integrate compound –— squalene — might act on CCL5.Conclusion: SG might be a new complementary therapy of the same medicine and food, working on the target CCL5 and playing an anti-GBM effect. CCL5 might affect the immune microenvironment of GBM.

Development and validation of immune-based biomarkers and deep learning models for Alzheimer’s disease

“…The random forest (RF) algorithm is an emerging and high precision machine learning algorithm that has been widely used in numerous fields, and of course, its role in the medical field is also exact. RF algorithms have been used for clinical diseases, such as using random forests to identify biomarkers for glioblastoma to find potential targets for treatment ( Li et al, 2021 ), building COPD risk prediction models ( Perret et al, 2021 ), and detecting and predicting type 2 diabetes ( Muneeb and Henschel, 2021 ), all with good results. An artificial neural network is a new type of algorithm derived from imitating the structure and function of the human brain, which has the characteristics of self-learning ability and high efficiency compared with the traditional machine learning algorithm.…”

Siraitia grosvenorii As a Homologue of Food and Medicine: A Review of Biological Activity, Mechanisms of Action, Synthetic Biology, and Applications in Future Food

“…Cancer significantly threatens human health and life quality, characterized by deregulated cell death and uncontrolled cell replication. 77 Recent studies have investigated SG as a potential antitumor agent in pancreatic cancer, 78 glioblastoma, 79 and ovarian cancer, 80 but comprehensive mechanistic understanding remains limited (Table 1).…”

“…Yet, more animal-model studies are needed to validate these findings. 79 Hepatoprotective Activity. Hepatoprotective activity of SG: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition, often progressing to more severe liver diseases and even hepatocellular carcinoma.…”

“…They target STAT3, improving tumor progression and anticancer immune responses. , Li et al used network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify CCL5 as a GBM biomarker, targeted by SG’s active ingredient, squalene. Yet, more animal-model studies are needed to validate these findings …”

Integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the role of Shezhi Huangling Decoction against glioma by inactivating PI3K/Akt-HIF1A axis

“…Network pharmacology is an important part of systems biology, and its holistic, systematic and drug-interaction-oriented characteristics are consistent with the basic characteristics of Chinese medicine, which can be used to analyze the interaction between drugs and specific nodes in the network, and is an emerging discipline to reveal the effect of TCM on the regulatory network of the organism from the systemic level, which provides a new idea to study the modern pharmacological mechanism of action of TCM [ 10 , 11 ]. Most importantly, on the basis of network pharmacology, a novel significant bioactive component of the TCM formula may also be discovered [ 12 , 13 ].…”