This paper studies the allocation of information flows in noiseless, memoryless communication networks in the presence of omniscient Byzantine adversary. In such networks, adversary may maliciously modify some edge-flows, and legitimate users should resort to network error correction strategies to transmit data reliably. Unlike prior papers, which focused on the capacities of the networks, we consider the expense of resources used by the flow. Hereby, this paper uses an optimization problem to define the concept of minimum cost network error correction flows. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition of feasibility of the allocation problem, and derive a cut-set outer bound on the feasible region. Using this cut-set bound, we can find the minimum cost network error correction flow in some instances. Moreover, we also consider the relationship between incoming edge-flows and outgoing edge-flows of a vertex. As for the directed acyclic graphs, we propose an algorithm to allocate the network error correction flow. This algorithm is with polynomial time complexity, and proves to be optimal when recoding at intermediate nodes is
forbidden. Additionally, in order to justify the necessity of recoding at intermediate nodes, we analyze the benefit of intermediate recoding. On the one hand, we construct a series of instances to prove that intermediate recoding can bring enormous benefits in some networks. On the other hand, numerical analysis shows that the benefit is modest in small random graphs.Index Terms-Adversarial errors, Byzantine adversary, network error correction, cut-set bound, resource allocation, minimum cost.Zhiqing Xiao received the B.S. degree from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China, in 2011, and he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University. His research interests include network error correction, network informationtheoretic security, and network information theory.Yunzhou Li (M'06) received the Ph.D. degree from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2004. Currently, he is a Professorship Researcher at Tsinghua University. He mainly focuses on signal processing technologies in wireless and mobile communications, including spatial-time signal processing, channel estimation, multi-user detection, and synchronization algorithms for CDMA/OFDM system. He is also interested in analysis, optimization design and enhancement of cellular system and WLAN.Ming Zhao (M'98) received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1993 and 1998, respectively. In 1998, he joined the faculty of Tsinghua University. He is currently a Professorship Researcher at the School of Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University. He is experienced in the R&D of wireless and mobile communication, and his interests include modulation, channel coding, channel capacity, resource management, and network protocol. He has published over 100 conference and journal papers. Xibi...