Network coding-based protection

Abstract

This paper serves as a tutorial lecture on the use of network coding to provide resource efficient, and agile proactive protection. Network coding, which was introduced in [1], allows intermediate network nodes to form linear combinations of packets received on different input links. The use of network coding results in capacity enhancement. This capacity enhancement is used to provide protection channels which are used to carry combinations of redundant data, and are solved by the receivers in order to recover data lost due to network failures.The paper starts by addressing network coding-based protection of bidirectional unicast connections, and explains the use p-Cycles to carry linear combinations of the redundant data units. The paper also discusses an earlier protection strategy which is based on diversity coding, in which the linear combinations are formed at special nodes, including sources, and is used to protect unidirectional connections. A generalized network coding-based protection which uses a tree to carry the linear combinations will be presented. Protection of multicast connections using network coding is also explained

Energy Efficient Survivable IP-Over-WDM Networks With Network Coding

“…In recent years, the application of network coding to failure recovery in optical network has been noted and increasingly studied, collectively known as network coding based protection [2]. Indeed, this marks a major departure from traditional research in optical protection as it can potentially achieve both rapid recovery and capacity improvement, challenging the well-known trade-off of trading speed of recovery for capacity, efficiency or vice versa.…”

Diversity coding-based survivable routing with QoS and differential delay bounds

“…On one hand, in multi-path routing (or shared path protection approaches [13,6]) we have to wait for the highest delay path to reconstruct user data. On the other hand, the additional redundancy provided by diversity coding ensures that the two lower delay paths determine the delay of the connection (as we can reconstruct user data from arbitrary two of the three routing DAGs with low additional coding complexity owing to the applied simple XOR codes [4]).…”

“…(4). Similarly to DARC-QoS, Constraint (5) formulates the flow conservation for each path w. Constraint (6) ensures that the disjointness of the paths. Constraint (7) gives a lower bound for the integer variable y w , which captures the worst case delay increase of path (routing DAG) w upon a single link failure formulated in Eq.…”

“…Although dedicated protection approaches use excessive amount of network resources (e.g., bandwidth), they satisfy the high resilience requirement of these new applications by providing instantaneous recovery 1 . However, while maintaining instantaneous recovery, network resources can be used in an efficient manner only if further techniques are applied above routing, e.g., network coding [5,6].…”

Linear network coding and parallel transmission increase fault tolerance and optical reach

“…Manley et al [12] provided a comprehensive study on all-optical network coding. Work by Kamal et al [13] comprehensively surveyed network coding for protection in the optical layer.…”