Network Analysis: Ten Years Shining Light on Host–Parasite Interactions

Runghen, Rogini; Poulin, Robert; Monlleó-Borrull, Clara; Llopis‐Belenguer, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2021.01.005

Cited by 51 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…host and parasite body length, and parasite infection site) are related to the compatibility filter (Poulin, 2007 ). In addition, host–parasite interactions are expected to be proportional to their abundances, which supports that both abundance-driven neutral processes and trait-based niche constraints can drive interaction patterns in host–parasite networks (Runghen et al ., 2021 ). Moreover, the number of potential interactions among hosts and parasites can be constrained by phylogeny, which limits the interactions to a subset of species with shared coevolutionary history (Poulin, 2010 ; Pilosof et al ., 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Network analysis contributes to parasite ecology studies by allowing the modelling of factors associated with parasite transmission among hosts (Luis et al ., 2015 ; Runghen et al ., 2021 ) in order to determine the most important ecological processes that structure parasite communities. It also provides information to understand the functional role played by species in a community (Poulin, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an interaction network, parasite abundance and prevalence rates can be used to describe the strength of interactions between hosts and parasites (Poulin, 2010 ; Bellay et al ., 2015 ). The number, strength and distribution of interactions among species describe the importance of each host and parasite species in the transmission process (Delmas et al ., 2019 ; Runghen et al ., 2021 ). Network patterns can be related to community dynamics in the sense that central host species may be sources of many parasites for other species, connecting different transmission cycles in the network (Poulin, 2010 ; Runghen et al ., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number, strength and distribution of interactions among species describe the importance of each host and parasite species in the transmission process (Delmas et al ., 2019 ; Runghen et al ., 2021 ). Network patterns can be related to community dynamics in the sense that central host species may be sources of many parasites for other species, connecting different transmission cycles in the network (Poulin, 2010 ; Runghen et al ., 2021 ). Species importance in the network can be evaluated by using centrality measures (Costa et al ., 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Functional traits shape small mammal-helminth network: patterns and processes in species interactions

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Functional traits shape small mammal-helminth network: patterns and processes in species interactions

et al. 2021

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“…the species specificity in pairwise host-parasite associations. In this context, network analysis can be a powerful tool to explore the roles of particular species in host-parasite interactions (Runghen et al 2021). Previous research suggests antagonistic interactions display lower partner fidelity than mutualistic ones, indicating host-parasite interaction networks are evolutionarily malleable (Fortuna et al 2020) and hosts traits can drive network descriptors (Campião and Dáttilo 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemosporidian taxonomic composition, network centrality and partner fidelity between resident and migratory avian hosts

Dutra

Fecchio

Braga

et al. 2021

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Migration can modify interaction dynamics between parasites and their hosts with migrant hosts able to disperse parasites and impact local community transmission. Thus, studying the relationships among migratory hosts and their parasites is fundamental to elucidate how migration shapes host-parasite interactions. Avian haemosporidian parasites are some of the most prevalent, diverse, and important wildlife parasites, and are also widely used as models in ecological and evolutionary research. Here, we contrast parasite taxonomic composition, network centrality and partner fidelity among resident and non-resident hosts using avian haemosporidians as study model. In order to evaluate parasite taxonomic composition, we performed permutational multivariate analyses of variance to quantify dissimilarity in haemosporidian lineages infecting different host migratory categories. Additionally, we ran multilevel Bayesian models to assess the role of migration in determining centrality and partner fidelity in host-parasite networks of avian hosts and their respective haemosporidian parasites. We observed similar parasite taxonomic composition and partner fidelity among resident and migratory hosts. Conversely, we demonstrate that migratory hosts play a more central role in host-parasite networks than residents. However, when evaluating partially and fully migratory hosts separately, we observed that only partially migratory species presented higher network centrality when compared to resident birds. Therefore, migration does not lead to differences in both parasite taxonomic composition and partner fidelity. However, migratory behavior is positively associated with network centrality, indicating migratory hosts play more important roles in shaping host-parasite interactions and influence local transmission.

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Estimating pathogen‐spillover risk using host–ectoparasite interactions

Brennan,

Paulson,

Escobar

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Pathogen spillover corresponds to the transmission of a pathogen or parasite from an original host species to a novel host species, preluding disease emergence. Understanding the interacting factors that lead to pathogen transmission in a zoonotic cycle could help identify novel hosts of pathogens and the patterns that lead to disease emergence. We hypothesize that ecological and biogeographic factors drive host encounters, infection susceptibility, and cross‐species spillover transmission. Using a rodent–ectoparasite system in the Neotropics, with shared ectoparasite associations as a proxy for ecological interaction between rodent species, we assessed relationships between rodents using geographic range, phylogenetic relatedness, and ectoparasite associations to determine the roles of generalist and specialist hosts in the transmission cycle of hantavirus. A total of 50 rodent species were ranked on their centrality in a network model based on ectoparasites sharing. Geographic proximity and phylogenetic relatedness were predictors for rodents to share ectoparasite species and were associated with shorter network path distance between rodents through shared ectoparasites. The rodent–ectoparasite network model successfully predicted independent data of seven known hantavirus hosts. The model predicted five novel rodent species as potential, unrecognized hantavirus hosts in South America. Findings suggest that ectoparasite data, geographic range, and phylogenetic relatedness of wildlife species could help predict novel hosts susceptible to infection and possible transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Hantavirus is a high‐consequence zoonotic pathogen with documented animal‐to‐animal, animal‐to‐human, and human‐to‐human transmission. Predictions of new rodent hosts can guide active epidemiological surveillance in specific areas and wildlife species to mitigate hantavirus spillover transmission risk from rodents to humans. This study supports the idea that ectoparasite relationships among rodents are a proxy of host species interactions and can inform transmission cycles of diverse pathogens circulating in wildlife disease systems, including wildlife viruses with epidemic potential, such as hantavirus.

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Network Analysis: Ten Years Shining Light on Host–Parasite Interactions

Cited by 51 publications

References 85 publications

Functional traits shape small mammal-helminth network: patterns and processes in species interactions

Functional traits shape small mammal-helminth network: patterns and processes in species interactions

Haemosporidian taxonomic composition, network centrality and partner fidelity between resident and migratory avian hosts

Estimating pathogen‐spillover risk using host–ectoparasite interactions

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