Network Analysis of Social Changes in a Captive Chimpanzee Community Following the Successful Integration of Two Adult Groups

Schel, Anne Marijke; Rawlings, Bruce; Claidière, Nicolas; Wilke, Claudia; Wathan, Jen; Richardson, Jo; Pearson, Sophie; Herrelko, Elizabeth S.; Whiten, Andrew; Slocombe, Katie E.

doi:10.1002/ajp.22101

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Budongo Trail, located at Edinburgh Zoo, houses 18 chimpanzees (10 females and 8 males) socially in an 1,832 m 2 outdoor enclosure and three interconnected 12 × 12 × 14 m indoor enclosures [67]. The animals have ad libitum access to water and are fed four times a day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate Drum Kit: A System for Studying Acoustic Pattern Production by Non-Human Primates Using Acceleration and Strain Sensors

Ravignani

Olivera

Gingras

et al. 2013

Sensors

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The possibility of achieving experimentally controlled, non-vocal acoustic production in non-human primates is a key step to enable the testing of a number of hypotheses on primate behavior and cognition. However, no device or solution is currently available, with the use of sensors in non-human animals being almost exclusively devoted to applications in food industry and animal surveillance. Specifically, no device exists which simultaneously allows: (i) spontaneous production of sound or music by non-human animals via object manipulation, (ii) systematical recording of data sensed from these movements, (iii) the possibility to alter the acoustic feedback properties of the object using remote control. We present two prototypes we developed for application with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) which, while fulfilling the aforementioned requirements, allow to arbitrarily associate sounds to physical object movements. The prototypes differ in sensing technology, costs, intended use and construction requirements. One prototype uses four piezoelectric elements embedded between layers of Plexiglas and foam. Strain data is sent to a computer running Python through an Arduino board. A second prototype consists in a modified Wii Remote contained in a gum toy. Acceleration data is sent via Bluetooth to a computer running Max/MSP. We successfully pilot tested the first device with a group of chimpanzees. We foresee using these devices for a range of cognitive experiments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate Drum Kit: A System for Studying Acoustic Pattern Production by Non-Human Primates Using Acceleration and Strain Sensors

Ravignani

Olivera

Gingras

et al. 2013

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Social Network Analysis (SNA) could be a useful tool to overcome this problem [7]. SNA allows complicated group level and individual changes in social dynamics to be characterised and visualised over both long periods of time [8] and between short-term environmental or social changes. Through comparisons of associations and behavioural interaction, we can use SNA to look at group structure beyond dyadic interactions alone, and instead look at the topology of the entire group [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Cognitive Testing on the Welfare of Group Housed Primates

et al. 2013

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Providing cognitive challenges to zoo-housed animals may provide enriching effects and subsequently enhance their welfare. Primates may benefit most from such challenges as they often face complex problems in their natural environment and can be observed to seek problem solving opportunities in captivity. However, the extent to which welfare benefits can be achieved through programmes developed primarily for cognitive research is unknown. We tested the impact of voluntary participation cognitive testing on the welfare of a socially housed group of crested macaques (Macaca nigra) at the Macaque Study Centre (Marwell Zoo). First, we compared the rate of self-directed and social behaviours on testing and non-testing days, and between conditions within testing days. Minimal differences in behaviour were found when comparing testing and non-testing days, suggesting that there was no negative impact on welfare as a result of cognitive testing. Lipsmacking behaviours were found to increase and aggressive interaction was found to decrease in the group as a result of testing. Second, social network analysis was used to assess the effect of testing on associations and interactions between individuals. The social networks showed that testing subjects increased their association with others during testing days. One interpretation of this finding could be that providing socially housed primates with an opportunity for individuals to separate from the group for short periods could help mimic natural patterns of sub-group formation and reunion in captivity. The findings suggest, therefore, that the welfare of captive primates can be improved through the use of cognitive testing in zoo environments.

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“…The group was comprised of individuals originally either from Edinburgh Zoo or Beekes-Bergen Safari Park who were integrated into the Edinburgh group in 2010 [18]. Before living in the safari park, these animals were housed in an experimental laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is music enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?

et al. 2017

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Many facilities that house captive primates play music for animal enrichment or for caregiver enjoyment. However, the impact on primates is unknown as previous studies have been inconclusive. We conducted three studies with zoo-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and one with group-housed chimpanzees at the National Centre for Chimpanzee Care to investigate the effects of classical and pop/rock music on various variables that may be indicative of increased welfare. Study one compared the behaviour and use of space of 18 animals when silence, classical or pop/rock music was played into one of several indoor areas. Overall, chimpanzees did not actively avoid the area when music was playing but were more likely to exit the area when songs with higher beats per minute were broadcast. Chimpanzees showed significantly fewer active social behaviours when music, rather than silence, was playing. They also tended to be more active and engage in less abnormal behaviour during the music but there was no change to either self-grooming or aggression between music and silent conditions. The genre of music had no differential effects on the chimpanzees’ use of space and behaviour. In the second study, continuous focal observations were carried out on three individuals with relatively high levels of abnormal behaviour. No differences in behaviour between music and silence periods were found in any of the individuals. The final two studies used devices that allowed chimpanzees to choose if they wanted to listen to music of various types or silence. Both studies showed that there were no persistent preferences for any type of music or silence. When taken together, our results do not suggest music is enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees, but they also do not suggest that music has a negative effect on welfare.

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Network Analysis of Social Changes in a Captive Chimpanzee Community Following the Successful Integration of Two Adult Groups

Cited by 50 publications

References 44 publications

Primate Drum Kit: A System for Studying Acoustic Pattern Production by Non-Human Primates Using Acceleration and Strain Sensors

Primate Drum Kit: A System for Studying Acoustic Pattern Production by Non-Human Primates Using Acceleration and Strain Sensors

The Impact of Cognitive Testing on the Welfare of Group Housed Primates

Is music enriching for group-housed captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)?

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