Network Allocation Vector (NAV) Optimization for Underwater Handshaking-Based Protocols

Cho, Junho; Shitiri, Ethungshan; Cho, Ho-Shin

doi:10.3390/s17010032

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…An event-driven network simulator is used which was developed in our laboratory based on MATLAB (R2013a) and has been used to evaluate many schemes of medium access control and networking for underwater communication [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. We compare the proposed SOUNET with Seaweb and

.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOUNET: Self-Organized Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Kim¹,

Cho²

2017

Sensors

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In this paper, we propose an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) named SOUNET where sensor nodes form and maintain a tree-topological network for data gathering in a self-organized manner. After network topology discovery via packet flooding, the sensor nodes consistently update their parent node to ensure the best connectivity by referring to the time-varying neighbor tables. Such a persistent and self-adaptive method leads to high network connectivity without any centralized control, even when sensor nodes are added or unexpectedly lost. Furthermore, malfunctions that frequently happen in self-organized networks such as node isolation and closed loop are resolved in a simple way. Simulation results show that SOUNET outperforms other conventional schemes in terms of network connectivity, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and energy consumption throughout the network. In addition, we performed an experiment at the Gyeongcheon Lake in Korea using commercial underwater modems to verify that SOUNET works well in a real environment.

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.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOUNET: Self-Organized Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Kim¹,

Cho²

2017

Sensors

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“…Therefore, most of the parallel transmission opportunities in the single channel underwater acoustic networks come from the time and/or space domains. Time domain parallel transmission was usually implemented by scheduling the transmission time of the source nodes [13][14][15][16][17][18], while space domain parallel transmission was achieved by controlling the source node's transmission power [19][20][21]. Optimization technique for parallel transmission in TDMA can be used to implement the communication resource allocation in the single channel contention-based MAC protocols, except that the allocation of the time or space communication resources needs to be performed every transmission cycle in the latter.…”

Section: Parallel Transmission Mac Protocols For Underwater Acoustic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the contention-based MAC protocols, the communication resources are allocated dynamically, so designing a parallel transmission protocol should consider not only the communication resource allocation, but also the control information exchange process. In the single channel contention-based MAC protocol [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], parallel transmission was mainly implemented in time and space domain since there was only one channel. In the multi-channel contention-based MAC protocol [22][23][24][25][26][27], parallel transmission can be implemented through multiple channels and most of the attentions were attracted to the channel negotiation mechanism, while time and space domain parallelism were seldom considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks

Xiong

Ning

2020

Electronics

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The transmission rate between two nodes is usually very low in underwater acoustic networks due to the low available bandwidth of underwater acoustic channels. Therefore, increasing the transmission parallelism among network nodes is one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of underwater acoustic networks. In this paper, we propose a new collision-free hybrid medium access control (MAC) protocol for distributed multi-channel underwater acoustic networks. In the proposed protocol, handshaking and data transmission are implemented as a pipeline on multiple acoustic channels. Handshaking is implemented using the time division multiple access (TDMA) technique in a dedicated control channel, which can support multiple successful handshakes in a transmission cycle and avoid collision in the cost of additional delay. Data packets are transmitted in one or multiple data channels, where an algorithm for optimizing the transmission schedule according to the inter-nodal propagation delays is proposed to achieve collision-free parallel data transmission. Replication computation technique, which is usually used in parallel computation to reduce the requirement of communication or execution time, is used in the data packet scheduling to reduce communication overhead in distributed environments. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the slotted floor acquisition multiple access (SFAMA), reverse opportunistic packet appending (ROPA), and distributed scheduling based concurrent transmission (DSCT) protocols in throughput, packet delivery rate, and average energy consumption in the price of larger end-to-end delay introduced by TDMA based handshaking.

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“…The MAC protocols in the first class, random access-based, are generally a modified version of ALOHA protocol. A small control message is utilized as a transmitting notification to neighboring sensors [27]. Upon receiving the transmitted notification of other sensors, the receiver backs off its own transmission randomly based on the information received from its neighboring notifications [11], [28].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Collision-Free Graph Coloring MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

et al. 2019

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Employing contention-based medium access control (MAC) protocols in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is typically costly. This is due to the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic channels, such as long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, and high bit error rate. As a consequence, the contention-based (handshaking and random access-based) MAC protocols do not perform as efficiently as expected. The collision-free approach is therefore considered to achieve high performance by avoiding the collisions at the MAC layer in order to improve energy efficiency, throughput, and fairness. In this paper, we propose, inspired by the graph coloring techniques, a novel energy-conserving and collision-free reservation-based MAC protocol, called GC-MAC, for UWSNs. GC-MAC employs time-division multiple access (TDMA)-like approach by assigning separate time-slots, colors, to every individual sensor node in every two-hop neighborhood. Sensors with the same colors can thus transmit at the same time with no chance of collision. GC-MAC is also able to address the near-far effect, spatial-temporal uncertainty, and hidden/exposed node problems, without requiring code-division multiple access (CDMA) or power adjustment for collision avoidance. The network coverage and connectivity is then discussed to show the effectiveness of using cubes to cover a 3D underwater environment. Our extensive performance study shows that GC-MAC performs well by avoiding collisions to achieve better throughput and energy-efficiency performance compared with those of contention-based protocols. There is also a significant improvement in terms of packet delivery ratio and fairness among the nodes under different operational conditions. INDEX TERMS Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), medium access control (MAC), collision-free MAC protocols, graph coloring technique, distributed clustering approach.

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Network Allocation Vector (NAV) Optimization for Underwater Handshaking-Based Protocols

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

SOUNET: Self-Organized Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

SOUNET: Self-Organized Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks

A Collision-Free Graph Coloring MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

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