Net uptake and partitioning of nitrogen and potassium in cultivars of barley during ageing

Perby, Harald; Jensen, Poul Henning

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb05170.x

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Arra (I, II) was in a position to exploit growth factors first when these were most needed (Perby and Jensen 1984). The rapid uptake of nutrients especially nitrogen by one of the varieties in a mixture might deprive other components.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Competition Between Components and Competimentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures

Jokinen¹

1991

AFSci

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Competition and yield advantage in barley varietal mixtures and in barley-oats mixtures were investigated. The trials were based on replacement series, but in a few cases the overall density of the stand was varied on the basis of an addition series. Both models of competition, one based on the de Wit model and the other upon a linear regression model, agreed as to which component was the dominant and which was the subordinate in the mixture. The competition coefficients from regression analyses depicted competition between components better in a dense than in a sparse stand. The competitive ability of a genotype did not depend directly upon individual characters of the genotype, such as rate of initial development, earliness, culm height, tillering capacity or grain yield in monoculture (adaptation), A good combination of characters from the viewpoint of competition was provided by the barley cv. Arra with its rapid initial development and rapid culm growth (earliness), the variety being dominant irrespective of number of components in the mixture, stand density, level of nitrogen fertilization or growing season. This suggests that competitive relations and distribution of resources within a mixture are determined at an early stage in the growing period. In other cases the competitive ability of a genotype varied from one environment to another with the competitive relations between components being inconsistent. The dominance of an aggressor usually increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization especially when the total density of the stand was high. As a rule, competition affected all the components of yield with the kernel weight being least affected. The grain yield of varietal mixtures did not differ from the yield of the highest yielding component grown alone, i.e., mixtures did not over yield. The relative yield total of varietal mixtures was higher at low (RYT > 1) than at optimal densities (RYT =1). Also the relative yield total was higher under conditions where the nitrogen fertilization was not optimal. The results of a varietal trial repeated during three successive years indicated that the relative yield total of a given mixture varied from one growing season to another, fluctuating around unity. Thus highly adapted barley varieties appear to compete for the same resources, and the grain yield advantage of such mixtures is marginal. The results of the barley-oats mixture trials revealed that the mixture may over yield. The relative yield totals of barley-oats mixtures were usually equal to or greater than unity the latter suggesting that the mixtures of barley and oats may use resources more efficiently than monocultures, and some grain yield advantage could be achieved with such mixtures. The protein yield of the barley-oats mixtures did not differ from the yield of the highest yielding component grown alone. The ratio of actual and expected protein yield and the relative protein yield total were usually slightly greater than one. The grain yields of mixtures were not consistently more stable than monocultures as determined by the coefficient of variation.

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Section: Factors Affecting Competition Between Components and Competimentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures

Jokinen¹

1991

AFSci

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“…The nutrient solutions were replaced every fourth day. Determination of NO~-concentrations in the used media (Perby and Jensrn, 1984) showed that the standard medium supplied NO; to the plants at a non-stressing rate. The 10% medium induces a minor N stress among young plants that turns severe during ageing, due to an increasing demand.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiller expansion and retranslocation of previously absorbed nitrogen among main stems, tillers and roots of two barley cultivars

Perby¹,

Jensen²

1987

Plant Soil

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Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cvs Hellas and Kajsa), grown in nutrient solutions, were supplied with ~5NO3 from day 12 to day 16. Changes in distribution of ~SN between different plant parts were followed during ageing (days 16, 28 and 52) to study differences in redistribution of N induced by variation in NO~-supply and choice of cultivar.Main stems and tillers competed for previously absorbed N and their competitive strength depended on their growth rate.Inhibition of tillering during N stress protected the main stem from detrimental losses of a limiting resource. Tillers on Hellas received in most cases proportionally more ~SN from the rest of the plant than tillers on Kajsa.

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“…Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation in plants are related (Perby and Jensen 1984;Bulman and Smith 1994). Delayed N application to seedling plants leads to reductions in the growth rate of the seedling, in their leaf area and dry weight and in the photqsynthesis of the first leaf, leading to a 40% reduction in fixed carbon (Dale 1972).…”

Section: Pattern Of N Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Barley: Physiology of Yield

Smith¹,

Dijak²,

Bulman³

et al. 1999

Crop Yield

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Physiology describes the operation of a plant at the biochemical, cell, tissue, organ and whole plant levels, recognizing that all of these are under the control of the plant genome. In the case of crop plants we are interested in how the combined operation of all plant's functions leads to the production of the harvestable component which, in cereal crops, is generally grain. Broadly speaking, the most important of the physiological activities in a crop plant with regard to yield are dry matter production, nutrient uptake, plant component partitioning and the processes of development (especially grain filling and the other aspects of yield component development). The developmental processes occur sequentially in time and involve progressive shifts in physiology. As barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a feed grain and a major source of malting grain for beer and spirits, aspects of physiology that affect the amount of grain produced and its quality (the amount of energy and protein) are of special interest.

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Net uptake and partitioning of nitrogen and potassium in cultivars of barley during ageing

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures

Competition and yield advantage in barley-barley and barley-oats mixtures

Tiller expansion and retranslocation of previously absorbed nitrogen among main stems, tillers and roots of two barley cultivars

Barley: Physiology of Yield

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