Net Entanglements of Baleen Whales in the Inshore Fishery of Newfoundland

Perkins, Judy S.; Beamish, Peter

doi:10.1139/f79-075

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…(2003) reported that minke whales tend to occur mainly over the continental shelves along the shore, based on the analysis of spatial and temporal distribution patterns in this area. This distribution pattern of minke whales is probably related to the distribution pattern of prey species (Perkins and Beamish 1979, Kim et al . 2004, Kim 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Fishing gears involved in entanglements of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the East Sea of Korea

Song¹,

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2010

Marine Mammal Science

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Entanglement of marine mammals in fishing gear is a global issue. It is considered a significant threat to minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the East Sea of Korea. A total of 214 entanglements of minke whales in this area between 2004 and 2007 were used to investigate types and parts of fishing gears involved in entanglements. The majority of entanglements were mainly caused by three types of fishing gears: set nets, pots, and gill nets (n= 207, 96.7%). Other entanglements were associated with bottom trawls, purse seines, and trawls. A total of 65 entanglements were attributed to the main and branch lines of fishing gears. The most common body part of minke whales which attached to fishing gears was the mouth (n= 63, 30.4%). Most entanglements took place within 10 nmi from land (n= 179, 86.5%), and between 10 and 220 m of water depth. The mean length of entangled minke whales in set nets was significantly smaller than that of whales in pots and gill nets samples (P < 0.001). Also, the mean body length of minke whales that entangled in the coastal area and shallow waters was significantly shorter than that of whales in the offshore area and deep waters (P < 0.001). This information can be used as fundamental data to conserve and manage this population of minke whales in the East Sea of Korea, and also to modify fishing gear to reduce entanglements. Future studies should focus on investigating the impact of these entanglements on the population and the effectiveness of mitigation measures to reduce entanglements of minke whales in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although a number of studies have reported entanglements in a variety of species of whales (Perkins and Beamish 1979, Kraus 1990, Alverson et al . 1994, Knowlton and Kraus 2001, Read et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishing gears involved in entanglements of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the East Sea of Korea

Song¹,

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2010

Marine Mammal Science

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“…These can also be both indirect and significant. For example, an inshore shift in humpback whales in Newfoundland following the crash of offshore capelin stocks led to an increase in humpback entanglements and mortalities in inshore cod traps (Lien et al, 1979;Perkins and Beamish, 1979;Whitehead and Carscadden, 1985;Lien, 1994). Kenney et al (1996) suggested a similar shift in Gulf of Maine harbor porpoise following collapse of the Georges Bank herring stock may have increased entanglements in the sink gillnet fishery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Prey Consumption and Trophic Impacts of Cetaceans in the USA Northeast Continental Shelf Ecosystem

Kenney¹,

Scott²,

Thompson³

et al. 1997

J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci.

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Whales, dolphins and porpoises are significant consumers of prey resources in the USA Northeast Shelf marine ecosystem to a far greater extent than was realized two decades ago. Seasonal estimates of the consumption of finfish, squid and zooplankton by cetaceans were calculated for four regions of the Northeast Shelf system defined as Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, Southern New England and Mid-Atlantic Bight. Estimates were based on seasonal cetacean abundance using standard mammalian metabolic models scaled as appropriate for assimilation, activity and migratory fasting. Estimates were made of mean body mass and proportion of the diet comprised of each of the three main prey types. Cetaceans of the Northeast Shelf were found to consume nearly 1.9 million tons annually, including about 1.3 million tons of fish, 337 000 tons of squid and 244 000 tons of zooplankton. Their predation on fish and squid exceeded tonnages harvested in the commercial fishing industry. Consumption estimates of fish dominated in most regions and seasons, primarily because of the widespread distribution and high relative abundance of large piscivorous fin whales, and secondarily due to the presence of humpback and minke whales and some of the smaller odontocetes. Zooplankton consumption, principally by right and sei whales and secondarily by other mysticetes, was significant in some seasons in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank regions. An assemblage which included a variety of teuthivorous odontocete species inhabiting the shelf break vicinity consumed substantial quantities of squid in all regions except the Gulf of Maine. Using a simple five-level trophic model and 10% estimated trophic transfer efficiency, the estimates implied that a significant fraction of the total net primary production, ranging from 11.7% in the Mid-Atlantic Bight to 20.4% in the Gulf of Maine, was required to the support cetacean apex predation.

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“…Recreational activities are a major source of beach litter (Cundell, 1973;Dixon & Cooke, 1977;Nagelkerken et al, 2001;Pruter, 1987) as well as rubbish from ships at sea (Horsman, 1982;Price, Whitehall, & Bernard, 1987;Scott, 1975;. There are negative ecological effects of litter on seals (Merrell, 1980), fish and seabirds (Bourne, 1976;Day, Wehle, & Coleman, 1984;Degange & Newby, 1980;Furness, 1985;, as well as other marine mammals (Fowler, 1987;Perkins & Beamish, 1979;Shaughnessy, 1980) and turtles (Balazs, 1985). The effects include strangulation and entanglement in nets and strapping (Merrell, 1984;Wehle & Coleman, 1983), starvation and death from ingesting of plastics resulting in blockages and ulceration and/or damage to the delicate internal tissues of the stomach and intestines (Gramentz, 1988;Gregory, 1991;Laist, 1987;Wehle & Coleman, 1983), and concentration of synthetic chemicals up the food chain (Gregory, 1978;Wehle & Coleman, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%