Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and carbon balance for eight temperate organic soils under agricultural management

Elsgaard, Lars; Görres, Carolyn-Monika; Hoffmann, Carl Christian; Blicher-Mathiesen, Gitte; Schelde, Kirsten; Petersen, Søren O.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.001

Cited by 109 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A tool like the combined hydrological-biogeochemical model INCA-C (Futter et al 2007) could be useful in this setting, as there are many studies of peatland NEE where quantification of aquatic carbon export is lacking, thus limiting the possibility to improve peatland NECBs (Aurela et al 2002(Aurela et al , 2007(Aurela et al , 2009Beetz et al 2013;Campbell et al 2014;Elsgaard et al 2012;Hirano et al 2012;Lund et al 2007Lund et al , 2015McVeigh et al 2014;Mezbahuddin et al 2014;Peichl et al 2014;Sagerfors et al 2008). INCA-C can be used for quantification of aquatic DOC fluxes in catchments with limited observations for empirical quantification of DOC fluxes, and has been successfully calibrated for a number for small headwater catchments, with single and mixed land cover in various climate conditions (Futter and de Wit 2008;Futter et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many more studies have quantified NEE for peatlands, but not aquatic carbon export, i.e., in subarctic (Aurela et al 2002;Lund et al 2015), boreal (Aurela et al 2007(Aurela et al , 2009Peichl et al 2014;Sagerfors et al 2008), tropical (Hirano et al 2012;Mezbahuddin et al 2014), and temperate peatlands (Beetz et al 2013;Campbell et al 2014;Elsgaard et al 2012;Lund et al 2007;McVeigh et al 2014). Despite the lack of quantification of key components of NECB, several studies claimed to quantify the carbon sink strength of these peatlands (Campbell et al 2014;Hirano et al 2012;Hommeltenberg et al 2014).…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aquatic DOC export from subarctic Atlantic blanket bog in Norway is controlled by seasalt deposition, temperature and precipitation

2016

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Comprehensive and credible peatland carbon budgets, needed for global carbon accounting, must include lateral aquatic organic carbon export. Here, we quantify aquatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export for an Atlantic bog in subarctic Norway, the Andøya peatland, and test for sensitivity to climatic drivers. Hydrology, DOC concentrations and DOC export were simulated for 2000-2013 using the process-based catchment model Integrated Catchments model for Carbon (INCA-C), calibrated to sitespecific water chemistry and hydrology (2011-2014) using readily-available data on temperature, precipitation and seasalt deposition. Measured streamwater DOC declined under seasalt episodes and was strongly positively related to temperature. Model calibrations successfully reproduced the water balance, variation in runoff (R 2 = 0.67; Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency NS = 0.67) and DOC concentrations (R 2 = 0.85; NS = 0.84). The most sensitive model parameters related to temperature-sensitivity of DOC production and DOC (de)sorption sensitivity to seasalts. Model uncertainty related to parameter space was similar to interannual variation in DOC export. Mean annual modelled DOC export was 7.2 ± 0.7 g C m -2 year -1 , roughly 35 % of the net land-atmospheric CO 2 exchange at Andøya from 2009 to 2012 (estimated elsewhere). Current and antecedent mean temperature and precipitation were strong drivers of seasonal modelled DOC export, implying that warmer and wetter summers will lead to more DOC export. Evaluation of similar climate impacts on net peatland carbon accumulation requires additional exploration of the climate-sensitivity of land-atmosphere fluxes of CO 2 and methane. Process-based models are valuable tools to account for lateral DOC exports in carbon balances of northern peatlands, especially where longterm monitoring data are lacking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic DOC export from subarctic Atlantic blanket bog in Norway is controlled by seasalt deposition, temperature and precipitation

2016

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“…Uncertainty in reconstructed annual R eco and GPP was calculated by summing up the maximum and minimum standard errors associated with each of the model parameters (e.g. Drösler, 2005;Elsgaard et al, 2012;Renou-Wilson et al, 2014). Uncertainty in the annual R eco or NEE estimate was calculated following the law of error propagation as the square root of the sum of the squared standard errors of GPP and R eco (IPCC, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to highertier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country-or regional-specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO 2 -C emissions from nine peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial versus domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. Drainagerelated methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions as well as CO 2 -C emissions associated with the off-site decomposition of horticultural peat were not included here. Our results show that net CO 2 -C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat) and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 ) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg −1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 CO 2 , 8.35 methane (CH 4 ), 218 carbon monoxide (CO), 1.53 ethane (C 2 H 6 ), 1.74 ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), 0.60 methanol (CH 3 OH), 2.21 hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and 0.73 ammonia (NH 3 ), and this emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada and Fennoscandia), we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expand the global data set, as well as adding a new region.

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“…Out of the four R eco models (one model for air temperature; soil temperature at 2, 5 and 10 cm depth) obtained for nighttime R eco measurements of a certain period, the model with the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used. GPP fluxes were derived using a PAR-dependent, rectangular hyperbolic light-response function based on the Michaelis-Menten kinetic (Elsgaard et al, 2012;Hoffmann et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2013;Eq. 3).…”

Section: Co 2 Flux Calculation and Gap Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks: a comparison between automatic chamber-derived C budgets and repeated soil inventories

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Carbon (C) sequestration in soils plays a key role in the global C cycle. It is therefore crucial to adequately monitor dynamics in soil organic carbon ( SOC) stocks when aiming to reveal underlying processes and potential drivers. However, small-scale spatial (10-30 m) and temporal changes in SOC stocks, particularly pronounced in arable lands, are hard to assess. The main reasons for this are limitations of the well-established methods. On the one hand, repeated soil inventories, often used in long-term field trials, reveal spatial patterns and trends in SOC but require a longer observation period and a sufficient number of repetitions. On the other hand, eddy covariance measurements of C fluxes towards a complete C budget of the soil-plant-atmosphere system may help to obtain temporal SOC patterns but lack small-scale spatial resolution.To overcome these limitations, this study presents a reliable method to detect both short-term temporal dynamics as well as small-scale spatial differences of SOC using measurements of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) as a proxy. To estimate the NECB, a combination of automatic chamber (AC) measurements of CO 2 exchange and empirically modeled aboveground biomass development (NPP shoot ) were used. To verify our method, results were compared with SOC observed by soil resampling.Soil resampling and AC measurements were performed from 2010 to 2014 at a colluvial depression located in the hummocky ground moraine landscape of northeastern Germany. The measurement site is characterized by a variable groundwater level (GWL) and pronounced small-scale spatial heterogeneity regarding SOC and nitrogen (Nt) stocks. Tendencies and magnitude of SOC values derived by AC measurements and repeated soil inventories corresponded well. The period of maximum plant growth was identified as being most important for the development of spatial differences in annual SOC. Hence, we were able to confirm that AC-based C budgets are able to reveal small-scale spatial differences and short-term temporal dynamics of SOC.

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Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and carbon balance for eight temperate organic soils under agricultural management

Cited by 109 publications

References 52 publications

Aquatic DOC export from subarctic Atlantic blanket bog in Norway is controlled by seasalt deposition, temperature and precipitation

Aquatic DOC export from subarctic Atlantic blanket bog in Norway is controlled by seasalt deposition, temperature and precipitation

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Detecting small-scale spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks: a comparison between automatic chamber-derived C budgets and repeated soil inventories

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