Nestling provisioning by Hairy and White-headed woodpeckers in managed ponderosa pine forests

Kozma, Jeffrey M.; Kroll, Andrew J.

doi:10.1676/12-188.1

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Eggs contain less resources which results in a shorter incubation period (Gill 2007), but nestlings generally benefit from care by both parents (Lack 1968, Black 1996. For altricial birds generally, most species show greater contributions by females (Clutton-Brock 1991), but in woodpeckers, males have an equal or greater contribution to parental care (Wiktander et al 2000, Michalek & Winkler 2001, Kozma & Kroll 2013 including nest sanitation (Chazarreta et al 2011), and nocturnal incubation, which is generally rare in birds (Ligon 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental care by Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats of eastern Canada

et al. 2016

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Nest care is an important parental contribution to offspring. In woodpeckers, males often have an equal or greater contribution to parental care, including nest sanitation. The Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) is a North American boreal woodpecker for which both parents are highly involved in parental care. By modifying their territory size in optimal and suboptimal habitat (e.g. burned vs unburned habitats), this species seems to have a large tolerance to variation in prey abundance at a landscape scale, and could provide a useful biological model to investigate the adaptability of parent care, particularly to relative contribution of each sex. We investigated sex- and habitat-specific parental care behaviour of Black-backed Woodpeckers at 9 nests by daily monitoring during the nestling period. Specifically, we examined two different aspects of parental care: 1) time spent at the nest, and 2) food delivery. We also compared relative contribution between sexes to nest sanitation. Despite our small sample sizes, our results show that males are more involved in nest sanitation and spend longer at the nest, and both sexes exhibit higher food delivery rates and spend less time at the nest in burned habitat. This latter result may suggest that greater effort is needed to provision Black-backed Woodpecker nestlings in unburned habitat compared to burned habitat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental care by Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats of eastern Canada

et al. 2016

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“…This study adds to the growing body of literature indicating that white-headed woodpeckers successfully occupy and breed in forests with historic and recent timber harvest activity (Kozma and Kroll, 2013;Linden and Roloff, 2015;Lindstrand and Humes, 2009;Lorenz et al, 2015a). While they typically require snags for nesting and roosting -one potential component of old-growth (Garrett et al, 1996) -they are not necessarily dependent on large, old pines for foraging during the breeding season.…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…noted that more than six tree species and four substrates were used by white-headed woodpeckers during summer in central California, while Kozma and Kroll (2013) identified 16 prey items brought to nestlings in a 4-week period in central Washington. Likewise, Otvos and Stark (1985) documented more than 40 food items in the stomachs of white-headed woodpeckers from California.…”

Section: Substrates Used For Foragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results add to a larger body of literature that indicates that cone foraging is likely opportunistic. This literature includes studies that have reported both infrequent (Dixon, 1995b;Otvos and Stark, 1985) and no cone foraging (Grinnell and Storer, 1924;Hanson and North, 2008;Kozma and Kroll, 2013;Raphael and White, 1984). In support of this, white-headed woodpeckers do not exhibit adaptations that are typical for a pine-seed-dependence.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four foraging studies have been conducted in the northwestern states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. These studies have helped advance our understanding of white-headed woodpecker foraging in this region, but were limited to relatively small sample sizes (three observations; Ligon, 1973) or single events within the breeding cycle (e.g., nestling period, Kozma and Kroll, 2013;or postnesting autumn, Dixon, 1995aor postnesting autumn, Dixon, , 1995b. Management for the white-headed woodpecker in northern parts of their range is therefore guided by a combination of southern studies, and northern studies of limited scope and duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foraging plasticity by a keystone excavator, the white-headed woodpecker, in managed forests: Are there consequences for productivity?

Lorenz

Vierling

Kozma

et al. 2016

Forest Ecology and Management

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The influence of climate and habitat on stable isotope signatures and the isotopic niche of nestling White‐headed Woodpeckers (Dryobates albolarvatus)

Lorenz

Kozma

Cunningham

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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The majority of landbird species feed their nestlings arthropods and variation in arthropod populations can impact reproductive outcomes in these species. Arthropod populations in turn are influenced by climate because temperature affects survival and reproduction, and larval development. Thus, climate factors have the potential to influence many bird species during their reproductive phases. In this study, we assessed climate factors that impact the diet of nestling White‐headed Woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus), an at‐risk keystone species in much of its range in western North America. To do this, we measured stable isotope signatures (δ13C and δ15N) in 152 nestlings across six years and linked variation in isotopic values to winter (December–February) and spring (June) precipitation and temperature using mixed effects models. We also explored habitat factors that may impact δ13C and δ15N and the relationship between δ15N and nest productivity. Last, we estimated isotopic niche width for nestlings in different watersheds and years using Bayesian standard ellipses, which allowed us to compare dietary niche width and overlap. We found that colder winter temperatures were associated with an increase in δ15N and δ15N levels had a weak positive relationship with nest productivity. We also found that sites with a more diverse tree community were associated with a broader isotopic niche width in nestlings. Our findings suggest that nestling diet is affected by climate, and under future warming climate scenarios, White‐headed Woodpecker nestling diet may shift in favor of lower trophic level prey (prey with lower δ15N levels). The impact of such changes on woodpecker populations merits further study.

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Nestling provisioning by Hairy and White-headed woodpeckers in managed ponderosa pine forests

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Parental care by Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats of eastern Canada

Parental care by Black-backed Woodpeckers in burned and unburned habitats of eastern Canada

Foraging plasticity by a keystone excavator, the white-headed woodpecker, in managed forests: Are there consequences for productivity?

The influence of climate and habitat on stable isotope signatures and the isotopic niche of nestling White‐headed Woodpeckers (Dryobates albolarvatus)

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