Nestin: Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Marker in Brain Tumors

Matsuda, Yoko; Yoshimura, Hisashi; Suzuki, Taeko; Ishiwata, Toshiyuki

doi:10.5772/52634

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, based on our cited previous reported literatures [13,14,15,16,17,18,24,25,26,27,28,] it indicates that vimentin is a marker of NPCs similar to nestin in CNS, and that GFAP is an accepted marker of astrocyte [16,17,29]. Our results showed that all VCCs in the lateral, the anterior and the posterior horn (outside of the EZ) of the spinal cord of G93A SOD1 transgenic mice overlapped to express GFAP; thus, it is suggested that an increase in the numbers of VCCs represents astrogenesis [30] and an astrocyte regenerative response from VCCs occurred in the spinal cord of ALS disease-like transgenic (G93A SOD1) mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Astrocyte Regenerative Response from Vimentin-Containing Cells in the Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis's Disease-Like Transgenic (G93A SOD1) Mice

et al. 2015

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The reason for regeneration in the adult spinal cord during motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains largely unknown. To this end, we studied the alteration of vimentin (a neural precursor cells marker in CNS)-containing cells (VCCs) in spinal cord during different stages of ALS used C57BL/6J G93A SOD1 transgenic mice mimicking ALS. Results showed that VCCs were mostly distributed in the ependymal zone (EZ) surrounding the central canal of spinal cord in SOD1 wild type mice; a few of VCCs were sparsely distributed in other regions. However, the number of VCCs significantly increased in the spinal cord during the onset and progression stages of ALS. They were extensively distributed in the EZ, the anterior, the lateral and the posterior horn of grey matter, particularly in the posterior horn region at the progression stage. A majority of VCCs in the anterior, the lateral and the posterior horn of grey matter (outside of EZ) generated astrocytes, but no neurons, oligodendrocytes and microgliocytes. Our results suggested that there was a potential astrocyte regenerative response to motor neuron degeneration in motor neurons-degenerated regions in the adult spinal cord during the onset and progression stages of ALS-like disease. The regenerative responses in the adult spinal cord of ALS-like mice may be a potential pathway in attempting to repair the degenerated motor neurons and restore the dysfunctional neural circuitry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its transient expression is a critical step in the neural differentiation pathway. It interacts with other IFs proteins, including vimentin, desmin, and internexin, to form heterodimers and mixed polymers [18]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Astrocyte Regenerative Response from Vimentin-Containing Cells in the Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis's Disease-Like Transgenic (G93A SOD1) Mice

et al. 2015

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“…Thus, nestin promoter is expected to drive expression of functional ICP34.5 selectively in glioma cells, resulting in a cytopathic effect. It is worth noting that the selectivity of this promoter is not widely known and that nestin is also expressed in normal brain cells [ 49 ].…”

Section: Molecular Strategies For Viral Gene Therapy Of the Gbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Vectors as Gene Therapy Agents for Treatment of Glioblastoma

Mozhei

Teschemacher

Kasparov

2020

Cancers

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In this review, we scrutinize the idea of using viral vectors either as cytotoxic agents or gene delivery tools for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in light of the experience that our laboratory has accumulated over ~20 years when using similar vectors in experimental neuroscience. We review molecular strategies and current clinical trials and argue that approaches which are based on targeting a specific biochemical pathway or a characteristic mutation are inherently prone to failure because of the high genomic instability and clonal selection characteristics of GBM. For the same reasons, attempts to develop a viral system which selectively transduces only GBM cells are also unlikely to be universally successful. One of the common gene therapy approaches is to use cytotoxic viruses which replicate and cause preferential lysis of the GBM cells. This strategy, in addition to its reliance on the specific biochemical makeup of the GBM cells, bears a risk of necrotic cell death accompanied by release of large quantities of pro-inflammatory molecules. On the other hand, engaging the immune system in the anti-GBM response seems to be a potential avenue to explore further. We suggest that a plausible strategy is to focus on viral vectors which efficiently transduce brain cells via a non-selective, ubiquitous mechanism and which target (ideally irreversibly) processes that are critical only for dividing tumor cells and are dispensable for quiescent brain cells.

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Effect of itraconazole on mouse mesencephalic neurons

Giorgi

Fausto

Pardini³

et al. 2015

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Neuronal cells have complex geometrical shapes, long processes such as axons and dendrites, and as a response to specific stimuli, they go through polarized neuronal migration that influences connectivity and information processing. Recently, it has been discovered that itraconazole, a widely used systemic antifungal drug, has an effect on cell morphology, acting as an inhibitor of the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and of the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR pathways. In this paper we evaluated the effect of itraconazole on mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons following their neurite outgrowth and functional activity by [(3)H] DA uptake. Furthermore the expression of several neural markers, the activation of the mTOR and of the morphogenic Shh pathways in the neuronal population was examined. Our results show for the first time a strong alteration of neurons morphology and an inhibitory effect of differentiation by itraconazole, probably due to cholesterol trafficking reduction, mTOR and Shh pathways inhibition. The inhibition of mTOR and Shh pathways by this drug has also been found in other cellular systems such as endothelial cells and lung cancer cells, suggesting a conserved mechanism of intercellular communication. As itraconazole is currently involved in multiple human clinical trials as a prospective anticancer agent, the effect on neuronal differentiation should be taken into account.

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Nestin: Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Marker in Brain Tumors

Cited by 5 publications

References 97 publications

An Astrocyte Regenerative Response from Vimentin-Containing Cells in the Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis's Disease-Like Transgenic (G93A SOD1) Mice

An Astrocyte Regenerative Response from Vimentin-Containing Cells in the Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis's Disease-Like Transgenic (G93A SOD1) Mice

Viral Vectors as Gene Therapy Agents for Treatment of Glioblastoma

Effect of itraconazole on mouse mesencephalic neurons

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