Nestedness in bipartite networks of Thuja plicata, Prunus laurocerasus and Buxus sempervirens and their pathogens

Fodor, Ecaterina; Hâruţa, O.

doi:10.15287/afr.2014.173

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Few studies of T. plicata are concerned with fungi communities (Weber et al 2005;Lim et al 2007;Fodor and Hâruta 2014;Adnan et al 2018). Our analyses are the first research in Poland concerned with the communities of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar growing in forests; however, other fungi colonising the trees of this species have been checked (Dominik and Grzywacz 1998;Damszel et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)

Baranowska

Kartawik

Panka

et al. 2023

Folia Forestalia Polonica

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The western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), an important forest-forming species in the Western part of the North American continent, is an alien species naturalised in Europe. It is popular and highly valued in horticulture. While considering the progressing climate change, it may also be a potential alternative to native species in European forests. The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar in forested areas of Europe has not been fully determined. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar. The experimental plots are located in the Kościan Forest District (51°98’87″ N; 16°23’54″ E). All soil samples were taken from the topsoil layer at a depth of 25 cm with a trowel, three from the centre of natural regeneration (1G, 2G, 5G) and three from the centre stand under the canopy of old-growth western red cedar (3G, 4G, 6G). Fungi were identified directly from the soil based on the ITS1 rDNA region. The derived product was sequenced using Illumina’s sequencing by synthesis (SBS) technology. Sequences were referred to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database applying the BLAST algorithm. The fungal counts were defined based on the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) in the sample. The OTU number was 835 206, with fungal isolates accounting for 683 095 (81.79%). A total of 8 591 taxa belonging to the Kingdom Fungi were identified. The species with the greatest shares in the community included Mortierella spp. (10.5%), Russula spp. (5.6%), Hydnum spp. (3.44%), Solicoccozyma spp. (3.1%) and Penicillium spp. (2.2%). Results showed that saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi predominated in the community. The dominance of ectomycorrhizal fungi over arbuscular ones, quite impressive natural regeneration was shown in T. plicata stands in Kościan. Subsequent research should take into account tree stands in Poland in which natural regeneration does not occur or occurs sporadically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)

Baranowska

Kartawik

Panka

et al. 2023

Folia Forestalia Polonica

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“…Interactions with both lower and higher trophic levels can have a profound impact on species niches (Fodor 2011, Arribas et al 2018). We found that variation in tree autumn phenology did not affect either of the powdery mildew species, indicating that the timing of leaf senescence is not important for the successful production and overwintering of chasmothecia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a clear knowledge gap, since hyperparasites can reduce pathogen population growth, reproduction and overwintering success (Kiss et al 2004, Tollenaere et al 2014, Sun et al 2019, Zewdie et al 2021). Cryptic species may differ in hyperparasitism rates, for example due to differences in susceptibility to the hyperparasite, and this may allow for the co‐existence of fungal pathogens (Fodor 2011, van Hoesel et al 2020). Importantly, climate may not only affect the distribution of cryptic pathogen species directly, but also indirectly by shaping the distribution of their hyperparasite (Álvarez‐Loayza et al 2011, Wisz et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales

et al. 2022

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Pathogens are embedded in multi‐trophic food webs, which often include co‐occurring cryptic species within the same pathogen complex. Nonetheless, we still lack an understanding of what dimensions of the ecological niche might allow these cryptic species to coexist. We explored the role of climate, host characteristics (tree autumn phenology) and attack by the fungal hyperparasite Ampelomyces (a group of fungi attacking plant pathogens) in defining the niches of three powdery mildew species (Erysiphe alphitoides, E. hypophylla and E. quercicola) within a cryptic pathogen complex on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur at the continental (Europe), national (Sweden and France) and landscape scales (a 5 km2 island in southwestern Finland). Previous studies have shown that climate separated the niches of three powdery mildew species (E. alphitoides, E. hypophylla and E. quercicola) in Europe and two species (E. alphitoides and E. quercicola) in France. In our study, we did not detect a significant relationship between temperature or precipitation and the distribution of E. alphitoides and E. hypophylla present in Sweden, while at the landscape scale, temperature, but not relative humidity, negatively affected disease incidence of E. alphitoides in an exceptionally warm year. Tree variation in autumn phenology did not influence disease incidence of powdery mildew species, and hyperparasite presence did not differ among powdery mildew species at the continental, national and landscape scale. Climate did not affect the distribution of the hyperparasite at the continental scale and at the national scale in Sweden. However, climate affected the hyperparasite distribution in France, with a negative relationship between non‐growing season temperature and presence of the hyperparasite. Overall, our findings, in combination with earlier evidence, suggest that climatic factors are more important than species interactions in defining the niches of cryptic species within a pathogen complex on oak.

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“…These functional bipartite networks are a paleoecological counterpart, or analog, to the taxonomically based plant–insect interaction networks commonly found in the modern ecological literature (Table 1; major differences between taxonomic vs. functional bipartite networks). Examples from the modern literature include undirected network associations between woody perennial species and their pathogens, specialization in plant‐host–gall interactions, and the preference of insects for particular fern hosts (Araújo & Kollár, 2019; Fodor & Hâruṭa, 2014; Fuentes‐Jacques et al, 2021). However, for fossil data, one of these node classes, the DTs functionally serve as ecological units that have links to plant taxa and would incorporate data such as one herbivore species producing multiple DTs and multiple herbivore species producing one DT, the multidamagers and monodamagers of Carvalho et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling bias and the robustness of ecological metrics for plant–damage‐type association networks

Swain

Azevedo-Schmidt

Maccracken

et al. 2023

Ecology

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Plants and their insect herbivores have been a dominant component of the terrestrial ecological landscape for the past 410 million years and feature intricate evolutionary patterns and co-dependencies. A complex systems perspective allows for both detailed resolution of these evolutionary relationships as well as comparison and synthesis across systems. Using proxy data of insect herbivore damage (denoted by the damage type or DT) preserved on fossil leaves, functional bipartite network representations provide insights into how plant-insect associations depend on geological time, paleogeographical space, and environmental variables such as temperature and precipitation. However, the metrics measured from such networks are prone to sampling bias. Such sensitivity is of special concern for plant-DT association networks in paleontological settings where sampling effort is often severely limited. Here, we explore the sensitivity of functional bipartite network metrics to sampling intensity and identify sampling thresholds above which metrics appear robust to sampling effort. Across a broad range of sampling efforts, we find network metrics to be less affected by sampling bias and/or sample size than richness metrics, which are routinely used in studies of fossil plant-DT interactions.

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Nestedness in bipartite networks of Thuja plicata, Prunus laurocerasus and Buxus sempervirens and their pathogens

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)

The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)

Niche differentiation within a cryptic pathogen complex: climatic drivers and hyperparasitism at multiple spatial scales

Sampling bias and the robustness of ecological metrics for plant–damage‐type association networks

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