Nest-site selection by cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging

Saab, Victoria A.; Russell, Robin E.; Dudley, Jonathan G.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.08.028

Cited by 84 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Threats to Black-backed Woodpecker populations in burned forest include salvage logging, fire suppression, and prefire reduction of forest fuels that reduces tree densities in future burned areas (Hutto 1995, Hoyt and Hannon 2002, Hutto 2008, Saab et al 2009). Threats in green forests are rarely discussed and little studied, but may include salvage logging of beetle-killed stands (Bonnot et al 2009), fuel-wood cutting, low snag retention rates (Tremblay et al 2010), and potentially climate change.…”

Section: Conservation and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence patterns of Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA.

Fogg¹,

Roberts²,

Burnett³

2014

ACE

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ABSTRACT. Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) are a rare habitat specialist typically found in moderate and high severity burned forest throughout its range. It also inhabits green forest but little is known about occurrence and habitat use patterns outside of burned areas, especially in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. We used point count and playback surveys to detect Black-backed Woodpeckers during 2011 -2013 on 460 transects on 10 national forest units. We defined green forest as areas that had not burned at moderate or high severity since 1991 and were more than 2 km from areas burned at moderate or high severity within the previous eight years (n = 386 transects). We used occupancy models to examine green forest habitat associations and found positive relationships with elevation, latitude, northern aspects, number of snags, tree diameter, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest, and a negative relationship with slope. Estimated occupancy in green forest was higher than previously understood (0.21). In addition site colonization and extinction probability in green forest were low (0.05 and 0.19, respectively) and suggest that many of the individuals detected in green forest were not just actively dispersing across the landscape in search of burned areas, but were occupying relatively stable home ranges. The association with high elevation and lodgepole pine forest may increase their exposure to climate change as these elevation forest types are predicted to decrease in extent over the next century. Although density is high in burned forest, green forest covers significantly more area in the Sierra Nevada and should be considered in efforts to conserve this rare species.Tendance dans l'occurrence du Pic à dos noir dans les forêts vertes de la Sierra Nevada, Californie, États-Unis RÉSUMÉ. Le Pic à dos noir (Picoides arcticus) est un spécialiste rare qui fréquente les forêts modérément à fortement brûlées dans l'ensemble de son aire de répartition. Il s'observe également dans les forêts vertes, mais les tendances dans l'occurrence et l'utilisation de l'habitat à l'extérieur des secteurs brûlés, tout particulièrement dans la Sierra Nevada, aux États-Unis, sont très peu connues. Nous avons effectué des dénombrements par points d'écoute et à l'aide d'enregistrements sonores pour détecter le Pic à dos noir le long de 460 transects situés dans 10 unités de forêts nationales, en 2011-2013. Selon notre définition, une forêt verte n'a pas brûlé de modérément à sévèrement depuis 1991 et est localisée à plus de 2 km de secteurs qui ont brûlé de modérément à sévèrement au cours des huit années précédentes (n = 386 transects). Nous avons utilisé des modèles de présence pour examiner les associations avec les forêts vertes et avons trouvé une relation positive avec l'altitude, la latitude, l'orientation vers le nord, le nombre de chicots, le diamètre des arbres et les forêts de Pin tordu (Pinus contorta), ainsi qu'une relation négative avec la pente. L'occurrence estimée dans les forêts vertes était plus élev...

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Section: Conservation and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence patterns of Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA.

Fogg¹,

Roberts²,

Burnett³

2014

ACE

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“…The woodpecker's reliance on this fire-specialized insect prey in montane forests makes the habitat needs of the bird exceptionally narrow [2,6,7]. In fact, despite extensive surveys, only three black-backed woodpecker territories have been documented in unburned forests in California and Oregon in the literature [8], and nest density surveys conducted in both burned forest and nearby unburned forest found numerous nests in post-fire habitat but none in unburned forest [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting Impacts of Fire Management on a Biodiversity Indicator in the Sierra Nevada and Cascades, USA: The Black-Backed Woodpecker

Odion

Hanson²

2013

TOFSCIJ

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Abstract:In the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascade ranges of California and Oregon, a genetically distinct population of the black-backed woodpecker has become rare due, in part, to fire suppression. This species is considered an indicator species for its primary habitat: early successional burned forests with an abundance of standing dead trees. Fuel reduction treatments such as post-fire logging, and forest thinning prior to fire (by creating insufficient snag density and enhancing fire suppression), may further reduce this habitat, but this has not been quantified. Our goal here is to address this information gap. Specifically, we first quantified the impacts of fire suppression and fuel treatments on primary habitat for the black-backed woodpecker. Our objective in this paper was to address how fire management affects the primary habitat of the black-back woodpecker and associated species in the Sierra Nevada and Cascades. We found that fire suppression was associated with a dramatic reduction in stand-initiation processes, a proxy for tree mortality, since the 1930s on public lands. We additionally found that thinning and post-fire clear cutting each exacerbated the effects of fire suppression by reducing primary habitat at an approximately 1:1 ratio with area treated. A scenario based on thinning 20 percent of mature forests over a 20 year period, and post-fire logging in 33% of potential habitat created by fire, reduced the amount of primary habitat after 27 years to 30%of the amount that would occur without these treatments, assuming that modeled effects of the fuel treatments in controlling fire may be realized. Our results indicate that conserving the distinct population of black-backed woodpeckers in the southern Cascades and Sierra Nevada and the biodiversity for which they are an indicator will require that more unthinned area be burned by wildfires and protected after fire as critical habitat. Our results also show that restoration of fire to an extent closer to historical levels would considerably increase black-backed woodpecker habitat and have minimal tradeoff with conservation of mature forest.

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“…We expect that densities in high-severity areas will return to pre-fire levels in upcoming years as the bulk of the remaining snags, most of which are Douglas-fir, fall [18,19,33]. We therefore also expect that any increased use by wildlife species dependent on large snags will be transient in our study site [67].…”

Section: Dead Overstory Structurementioning

confidence: 95%

Overstory Structure and Surface Cover Dynamics in the Decade Following the Hayman Fire, Colorado

Fornwalt

Stevens‐Rumann

Collins

2018

Forests

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Abstract:The 2002 Hayman Fire burned with mixed-severity across a 400-ha dry conifer study site in Colorado, USA, where overstory tree and surface cover attributes had been recently measured on 20 0.1-ha permanent plots. We remeasured these plots repeatedly during the first post-fire decade to examine how the attributes changed through time and whether changes were influenced by fire severity. We found that most attributes were temporally dynamic and that fire severity shaped their dynamics. For example, low-severity plots experienced a modest reduction in live overstory density due to both immediate and delayed tree mortality, and no change in live overstory basal area through time; in contrast, high-severity plots experienced an immediate and total loss of live overstory density and basal area. Large snag density in low-severity plots did not vary temporally because snag recruitment balanced snag loss; however, in high-severity plots large snag density increased markedly immediately post-fire and then declined by about half by post-fire year ten as snags fell. Mineral soil cover increased modestly immediately post-fire in low-severity plots and substantially immediately post-fire in high-severity plots, but changed little in ensuing years for either severity class. By incorporating pre-fire and repeatedly-measured post-fire data for a range of severities, our study uniquely contributes to the current understanding of wildfire effects in dry conifer forests and should be of interest to managers, researchers, and others.

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Nest-site selection by cavity-nesting birds in relation to postfire salvage logging

Cited by 84 publications

References 52 publications

Occurrence patterns of Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA.

Occurrence patterns of Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA.

Projecting Impacts of Fire Management on a Biodiversity Indicator in the Sierra Nevada and Cascades, USA: The Black-Backed Woodpecker

Overstory Structure and Surface Cover Dynamics in the Decade Following the Hayman Fire, Colorado

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