Nest predation and maternal care in the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) at Lake St Lucia, South Africa

Combrink, Xander; Warner, Jonathan K.; Downs, Colleen T.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.10.014

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Larger individuals disperse outside the protected areas or around the lake system in the summer. Thus in recreational areas around the Lake St Lucia system, notably the estuary, there are seasonal overlaps between the distributions of larger crocodiles and people (Pooley, 1982; Combrink, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesizing Nile crocodileCrocodylus niloticusattack data and historical context to inform mitigation efforts in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland)

Pooley

Botha²,

Combrink

et al. 2019

Oryx

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Conflicts with wildlife are a major challenge for conservation across Africa, and Nile crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus are allegedly responsible for more attacks on people than any other species; however, there is a lack of data regarding such attacks. We analysed reported attacks on people by Nile crocodiles in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland) during 1949–2016, identifying spatial and temporal patterns in attack incidence, as well as victim demographics. Through a literature review and archival searches we identified records of 214 attacks. Most attacks occurred in natural water bodies, with attacks in dams increasing since 2000. Most victims were attacked while swimming or bathing, others while fishing, doing domestic chores, and crossing waterways. There was a significant relationship between gender and activity when attacked. Children (< 16 years old) accounted for 51% of all attacks, with a higher fatality rate compared to adults. Most victims were male (65%), with teenage boys being the largest individual category. We make recommendations for conservation policy and management to mitigate attacks by Nile crocodiles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesizing Nile crocodileCrocodylus niloticusattack data and historical context to inform mitigation efforts in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland)

Pooley

Botha²,

Combrink

et al. 2019

Oryx

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“…The use of photographic equipment with a motion sensor to record the presence of females (eg. [ 25 , 28 ]) could be used to investigate whether nest defense by females is equally effective against all species of predators. It would be interesting to follow the activities of black caiman females throughout incubation period, as has been done with Amazonian spectacled caimans [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation in black-caiman-nest predation in varzea of central Brazilian amazonia

2017

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On the Amazon floodplain, the main predators of black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) eggs are jaguars (Panthera onca), tegu lizards (Tupinambis teguixim), capuchin monkeys (Sapajus macrocephalus) and humans (Homo sapiens). In this study, we investigated the relationship between predator attacks on nests and incubation period, and evaluated the influence of initial predation on subsequent predation in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve. We also evaluated the influence of presence of females near the nests and manipulation of nests on the occurrence of attacks. We compared results from data obtained with camera traps and vestiges left by predators on estimates of rates of predation by different predators. Egg predation was recorded in 32% of the 658 black caiman nests monitored during two years. Our results suggest that the probability of predation on black caiman eggs is relatively constant throughout the incubation period and that predation on eggs was lower when adults, presumably females, were present. Careful opening of nests and handling of eggs did not increase the number of attacks on black caiman nests. Nest opening by a predator appeared to increase the chances of a subsequent attack because most of the attacks on nests occurred soon after a predator first opened the nest. However, attacks by another species of predator do not appear to be necessary to initiate attacks by any other species of predator. Results based on camera traps and vestiges differed, but use of vestiges was adequate for identifying the principal predators on eggs in black caiman nests and, in many circumstances, the vestiges may be better for estimating predation by humans. In this study, opening nests and handling eggs did not increase the number of attacks on black caiman nests.

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“…Sodra sy al haar eiers gelê het bedek sy die nes met grond (Kofron, 1989). Wanneer die eiers omtrent drie maande later uitbroei (Hutton, 1987) krap die wyfie die nes oop, versamel die broed (al die broeilinge uit die broeisel) en laat hulle in die water vry (Combrink et al, 2016). Op kommersiële plase grawe werkers die nes so gou as moontlik nadat die eiers gelê is oop en verwyder die eiers.…”

Section: Die Neem En Merk Van Monstersunclassified

“…In die natuur maak 'n Nylkrokodilwyfie die nes oop sodra die eiers uitbroei, dan versamel sy die broeilinge in haar bek en dra hulle water toe (Combrink et al, 2016). Moderne tegnologie behoort dit moontlik te maak om nesse in die natuur te moniteer en vas te stel wanneer die moeder die broeilinge uit die nes haal.…”

Section: Alleelfrekwensie-analise En Uitsluitingswaarskynlikheidunclassified

Poligame Nylkrokodille ( Crocodylus niloticus ) op ŉ krokodilplaas : vrugvliese vertel die storie

Nöthling

Myburgh

Harper

2020

Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie

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Meer as een vaar in ’n krokodilbroeisel verhoog die effektiewe populasiegrootte en lei tot ’n stadiger verlies van genetiese variasie as gevolg van inteling en lukraak genetiese swerwing. Meer as een vaar kan ook die variasie met betrekking tot eienskappe wat van kommersiële belang is tussen krokodille uit dieselfde broeisel verklaar. Vrugvliese kan ’n nie-ingrypende bron van DNS verskaf waarmee die genotipe van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge (Crocodylus niloticus) bepaal kan word. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel hoe doeltreffend die genotipe van Nylkrokodilbroeilinge uit die vrugvliese wat in uitgebroeide eiers agterbly bepaal kan word en of ’n broeisel uit ’n kommunale teeldam op ’n kommersiële plaas meer as een vaar kan hê. Elf mikrosatellietloki is gebruik om die DNS-profiele van 4–6 (gemiddeld 4.4) vrugvliesmonsters (VVMe) van elk van 25 broeisels uit dieselfde teeldam op ’n kommersiële Nylkrokodilplaas te bepaal. DNS het op al 11 loki in 95 van die 110 individue vermeerder, op 1–10 loki in 13 en op geen lokus nie in twee. Drie tot 20 allele is per lokus gevind. Afsonderlike beoordeling van loki het getoon dat 13 broeisels minstens twee vaars gehad het. Met ’n multilokusprogram (Colony) is afgelei dat 19 broeisels minstens twee vaars gehad het, en dat poliandrie en poliginie algemeen was. Verdere navorsing is nodig om die nuttigheid van vrugvliese as ’n bron van DNS vir nesse uit die natuur te bepaal en om, deur meer VVMe per broeisel te gebruik, die mate van poliandrie en poliginie op Nylkrokodilplase en in die natuur meer presies te bepaal.

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Nest predation and maternal care in the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) at Lake St Lucia, South Africa

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesizing Nile crocodileCrocodylus niloticusattack data and historical context to inform mitigation efforts in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland)

Synthesizing Nile crocodileCrocodylus niloticusattack data and historical context to inform mitigation efforts in South Africa and eSwatini (Swaziland)

Temporal variation in black-caiman-nest predation in varzea of central Brazilian amazonia

Poligame Nylkrokodille ( Crocodylus niloticus ) op ŉ krokodilplaas : vrugvliese vertel die storie

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