Nerve ultrasound reference data in children from two to seven years

Schubert, Charlotte; Grimm, Anna-Sophie; Stähl, Jutta; Küpper, Hanna; Kegele, Josua; Wittlinger, Julia; Serna-­Higuita, Lina María; Winter, Natalie; Groeschel, Samuel; Grimm, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.12.404

Cited by 24 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Side-to-side differences reached 1 to 5% percent in mean but could even reach up to 50% in some individuals. The intranerve CSA variability-an intraneural nerve ratio-was similar to those published for adults (7) and children <8 years (10) in the median, ulnar, and tibial nerve. By defining normal and upper limits (90. percentile), pathological generalized or multifocal nerve enlargement was found in children/adolscents with hereditary and acquiredmostly demyelinating-neuropathies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…With regard to reference values of children <8 years (10), nerve growth correlates with age during the whole life span of the young; however, it seems to gain momentum in adolescents, according to values found in our own lab (Figures 1-3) and (10). Thus, according to the obvious age dependency in adolescent nerve growth, normal values for each age were defined (Table 3) in contrast to infants and young children<8 years, where grouped values seemed to be sufficient (10). As both studies have been performed by the same author group using the same protocol and ultrasound device, a comparison of these data seems to be appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Moreover, in two patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1, we could differentiate between one child with high peripheral tumor load and another without any peripheral tumor; this FIGURE 3 | Summary of CSA findings of the median, the fibular, the ulnar and the vagus nerve in our study compared to values in children <8 years and adults of the same study group (9,10). The nerve growth correlates with age until late adolescents and then reaches its maximum size in the young individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In our population, the influences of gender differences and BMI were negligible; data in literature are also inconsistent. Most authors thus decided to publish gender-, height-, and weight-independent reference values (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HR-US, nerve enlargement due to tumors, neuromas, or inflammation has been the most profound finding (1)(2)(3)(4). Thus, normal values for distinct nerves and locations are essential (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). As we hypothesized that distinct nerve values in school age children and adolescents exist compared to adults, we thus analyzed healthy individuals aged between 8 and 17 years and compared their values to epidemiological data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative Observational Nerve Ultrasound Values in School-Age Children and Adolescents and Their Application to Hereditary Neuropathies

et al. 2020

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Backgrounds: We have aimed to establish nerve ultrasound reference data in 8 to 17year-old children and adolescents and to compare those data to younger children, adults, and age-matched children with polyneuropathies. Methods: High-resolution ultrasounds of the nerves were performed in 117 healthy children and adolescents at 20 predefined landmarks in the neck and the extremities of both sides. Mean values, side-to-side differences and intraneural ratios, as well as upper limits have been calculated. In a second step, a comparison between 25 children and adolescents of the same age range with proven hereditary and acquired neuropathies and lysosomal storage diseases has been carried out. Results: Nerve growth correlates significantly with age and reaches adult values at the age of around 15 years. The influence of body mass index and gender is negligible at most segments. By the use of age-specific upper limits, nerve enlargement could be seen in distinct types of neuropathies, particularly in demyelinating hereditary and inflammatory types, which is comparable to findings in adults, but also in rare lysosomal storage diseases. Conclusion: Nerve size correlates with age during childhood and reaches a climax in younger adults. Age-matched reference data are inevitable to differ between hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic nerve damage, e.g., in neuropathies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative Observational Nerve Ultrasound Values in School-Age Children and Adolescents and Their Application to Hereditary Neuropathies

et al. 2020

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Correlation between age and the sciatic nerve diameter in the first 2 years of life: A high‐resolution ultrasound study

et al. 2023

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Aim To investigate the maturation of the peripheral nervous system by analyzing the cross‐sectional area of the sciatic nerve during the first 2 years of life. Methods The sciatic nerve was examined by high‐resolution ultrasound imaging in 52 children aged 0 days to 10 years, 45 of whom were younger than 2 years. The correlation between the cross‐sectional area of the nerve and the age was statistically tested. A logarithmic regression analysis was performed to develop a logarithmic growth model of the cross‐sectional area. Results There is a highly significant correlation between the age and the cross‐sectional area of the sciatic nerve. The growth rate can well be described by a logarithmic model. Interpretation Based on the literature on the maturation of the median nerve and nerve roots and the findings of the present study, we conclude that both the proximal and the distal parts of the nerves of the peripheral nervous system increase simultaneously. What this paper adds Normative values for the size of the sciatic nerve in children.

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Sonographic reference values of nerve size in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2022

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Introduction/Aims Nerve ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis and follow‐up of peripheral nerve disorders in children. The aim of this study was to explore and analyze the current literature on nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) in healthy children, with the goal of presenting reference values and discussing their implications. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that reported ultrasound measurements of the upper or lower limb nerves in healthy children through a search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Results Sixteen studies with measurements of 10 nerves covering a total of 5149 nerves measured in 823 healthy children (445 boys and 378 girls) were included. Mean nerve CSA increased with age in the median nerve at the middle and lower third of the upper arm, mid‐forearm, and distal wrist crease, the ulnar nerve at the middle third of the upper arm and elbow, the radial nerve at the spiral groove, and the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa. Growth charts for nerve CSA for different age groups were developed. Discussion This meta‐analysis provides robust reference values for nerve CSA at different sites in children, and this can inform clinical practice and assist in identifying nerve enlargement. Moreover, it identifies the strength and quality of the current published data. We recommend future studies divide their samples into smaller age subgroups and standardize the anatomic site of measurement.

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Nerve ultrasound reference data in children from two to seven years

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Normative Observational Nerve Ultrasound Values in School-Age Children and Adolescents and Their Application to Hereditary Neuropathies

Normative Observational Nerve Ultrasound Values in School-Age Children and Adolescents and Their Application to Hereditary Neuropathies

Correlation between age and the sciatic nerve diameter in the first 2 years of life: A high‐resolution ultrasound study

Sonographic reference values of nerve size in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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