Nerve impulse propagation along central and peripheral fast conducting motor and sensory pathways in man

Motor cortical reorganization is present after a single attack of multiple sclerosis devoid of cortico-spinal dysfunction

“…The surface ratio (SR) was the area of the MEP expressed as a percentage of the surface area of the CMAP [32]. The central motor conduction time (CMCT) was calculated using the F-wave latency and the following formula: CMCT = Cortical MEP latency -(F-wave latency + CMAP distal Latency -1)/2 [33]. The findings previously obtained on 36 healthy control subjects in a similar age range to that of the present patients were used to define local normative MEP values [23].…”

Activation of the human diaphragm from the motor cortex.

“…To estimate the 'central conduction time' from brain to Vpinal cord, the peripheral conduction delay was measured by using the same stimulator to activate spinal motoneurones (or the proximal portions of their axons) at segmental levels (Rossini, Stefano & Stanzione, 1985;Snooks & Swash, 1985;Mills & Murray, 1986). The cathode was positioned over the spinous process of the fourth cervical vertebra with the anode on the inion.…”

Conduction block in thoracic outlet syndrome? The need for motor root stimulation

“…Here, we recommend applying motor-root stimulation (Rossini et al, 1985;Ugawa et al, 1989;Vucic et al, 2006;Matsumoto et al, 2010Matsumoto et al, , 2013; for a current review, see Rossini et al, 2015). TST is an ''indirect'' method to detect conduction block, while motor-root stimulation is a ''direct'' method, capable of revealing conduction block between Erb's point and spinal nerves at the level of the neural foramina.…”

“…TST is an ''indirect'' method to detect conduction block, while motor-root stimulation is a ''direct'' method, capable of revealing conduction block between Erb's point and spinal nerves at the level of the neural foramina. Currently, there are three methods of motor-root stimulation: electrical stimulation using a high-voltage electrical stimulator (Rossini et al, 1985;Ugawa et al, 1989), electrical stimulation using needle electrodes (Vucic et al, 2006) and magnetic stimulation (Ugawa et al, 1989;Matsumoto et al, 2010Matsumoto et al, , 2013. Each of these three types of motor-root stimulation is technically easier than TST.…”