Nerve grafting from spinal cord to spinal nerve: a microsurgical technique in cats

Holtzer, C.A.J.; Dahan, Albert; Verschure, P.C.F.M.; Dijk, J.G. van; Marani, Enrico; Thomeer, R.T.W.M.

doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00114-8

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Among these manipulations, implantation of a PN graft (Wu et al, 1994a, Holtzer et al, 1996Liu et al, 1998;Chai et al, 2000;Kassar-Duchossy et al, 2001;Rhrich-Haddout et al, 2001) or treatment with neurotrophic factors (Wu et al, 1995, Novikov et al, 1995Oorschot et al, 1998;Watabe et al, 2001) greatly enhanced survival. In those studies, the segment of nerve was usually implanted immediately following root avulsion.…”

Section: Survival Of Spinal Motoneurons Following Axonal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Implantation of a Peripheral Nerve Graft Reduces Motoneuron Survival but Does Not Affect Regeneration following Spinal Root Avulsion in Adult Rats

Chai

Zhang

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Adult spinal motoneurons can regenerate their axons into a peripheral nerve (PN) graft following root avulsion injury if the graft is implanted immediately after the lesion is induced. The present study was designed to determine how avulsed motoneurons respond to a PN graft if implantation takes place a few days to a few weeks later. Survival, regeneration, and gene expression changes of injured motoneurons after delayed PN graft implantation were studied. The survival rates of spinal motoneurons were 78%, 65%, 57%, or 53% if a PN graft was implanted immediately, 1, 2, or 3 weeks after root avulsion, respectively. Interestingly, most of the surviving motoneurons were able to regenerate their axons into the graft regardless of the delay. All regenerating motoneurons expressed p75, but not nNOS, while all motoneurons that failed to regenerate expressed nNOS, but not p75. p75 and nNOS may, therefore, be used as markers for success or failure to regenerate axons. In the group with immediate graft implantation, 85% of the surviving motoneurons extended axons into the PN graft, while in the groups in which implantation was delayed 1, 2, or 3 weeks, 84%, 82%, and 83% of the surviving motoneurons, respectively, were found to have regenerated into the grafts. These findings indicate that avulsed spinal motoneurons retain the ability to regenerate for at least 3 weeks, and perhaps for as long as they survive. Therefore, the delayed implantation of a PN graft after root avulsion may provide a continued conducive environment to support regeneration.

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Section: Survival Of Spinal Motoneurons Following Axonal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Implantation of a Peripheral Nerve Graft Reduces Motoneuron Survival but Does Not Affect Regeneration following Spinal Root Avulsion in Adult Rats

Chai

Zhang

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurotrauma

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“…They can be performed via either a dorsal [5-8,14,25,26] or a ventral approach [10,27,28]. The dorsal approach is easier to perform in which only retraction of paraspinal muscles and hemi-laminectomy are needed to access the dura and the cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral root re-implantation is better than peripheral nerve transplantation for motoneuron survival and regeneration after spinal root avulsion injury

Yuan

Qin

et al. 2013

BMC Surg

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BackgroundPeripheral nerve (PN) transplantation and ventral root implantation are the two common types of recovery operations to restore the connection between motoneurons and their target muscles after brachial plexus injury. Despite experience accumulated over the past decade, fundamental knowledge is still lacking concerning the efficacy of the two microsurgical interventions.MethodsThirty-eight adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Immediately following root avulsion, animals in the first group (n = 8) and the second group (n = 8) received PN graft and ventral root implantation respectively. The third group (n = 8) and the fourth group (n = 8) received PN graft and ventral root implantation respectively at one week after root avulsion. The fifth group received root avulsion only as control (n = 6). The survival and axonal regeneration of severed motoneurons were investigated at 6 weeks post-implantation.ResultsRe-implantation of ventral roots, both immediately after root avulsion and in delay, significantly increased the survival and regeneration of motoneurons in the avulsed segment of the spinal cord as compared with PN graft transplantation.ConclusionsThe ventral root re-implantation is a better surgical repairing procedure than PN graft transplantation for brachial plexus injury because of its easier manipulation for re-implanting avulsed ventral roots to the preferred site, less possibility of causing additional damage and better effects on motoneuron survival and axonal regeneration.

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“…Only the distal coaptation site was secured with glue (Tissuecol, Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria). The surgical techniques involved have been described extensively in a previous report ( Holtzer et al, 1996 ) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, grafts had to be implanted at a site dorsal to the motor rootlet outlet zone of the spinal cord, which may have inflicted damage to a not‐yet traumatized area of the spinal cord. A ventral approach obviates these sequels and also enables implantation at the preferred site, i.e., the spinal cord outlet area of the avulsed anterior rootlets ( Holtzer et al, 1996 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of ventral root avulsion using autologous nerve grafts in cats

Holtzer¹,

Marani²,

Dijk³

et al. 2003

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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This study focuses on the capacity of motor axons to elongate from the spinal cord through an autologous nerve graft into a spinal nerve. Applying a ventral surgical approach, C7 ventral roots were avulsed from the cord in 12 cats. Autologous saphenous nerve grafts were implanted into the cord at the ventral root outlet site and coaptated to the spinal nerve. Outgrowth of axons was studied at survival times 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120 days, respectively. The results showed horseradish peroxidase positive motoneurons in the C7 ventral horn after retrograde labeling, as well as neurofilament and acetylcholinesterase positive axons in the entire trajectory from spinal cord to spinal nerve. Neurotization of the C7 spinal nerve started between 14 and 30 days after graft implantation. In addition electrophysiology provided evidence that outgrowing axons had re-established functional contact with the spinodeltoid muscle at 120 days after implantation.

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Nerve grafting from spinal cord to spinal nerve: a microsurgical technique in cats

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Delayed Implantation of a Peripheral Nerve Graft Reduces Motoneuron Survival but Does Not Affect Regeneration following Spinal Root Avulsion in Adult Rats

Delayed Implantation of a Peripheral Nerve Graft Reduces Motoneuron Survival but Does Not Affect Regeneration following Spinal Root Avulsion in Adult Rats

Ventral root re-implantation is better than peripheral nerve transplantation for motoneuron survival and regeneration after spinal root avulsion injury

Repair of ventral root avulsion using autologous nerve grafts in cats

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