Nerve fibre interaction with large ganglion cells in the human spiral ganglion

Rask‐Andersen, Helge; Tylstedt, Sven; Kinnefors, Anders; Schrott‐Fischer, Anneliese

doi:10.1016/s0385-8146(96)00039-9

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Rask-Andersen et al examined human spiral ganglia removed at surgery, using transmission and scanning microscopy, and suggested that the survival of the neurons might be due to the clustering propensity of the neurons, and the lack of myelin might allow for an intercommunication between neurons with neurites and other neurons and thus provide trophic support that accounts for their survival in humans. 23, 24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiral Ganglion Cell Loss Is Unrelated to Segmental Cochlear Sensory System Degeneration in Humans

Linthicum¹,

Fayad²

2009

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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Objective To demonstrate that contrary to what occurs in animals, neuron loss in the human spiral ganglion is not in proportion to organ of Corti hair or supporting cell loss. Study Design Histopathological review of archival temporal bone histological sections. Setting Nonprofit research facility Methods Four temporal bones, from an archival collection of 1,448 temporal bones, were found that had a total loss of hair and supporting cells limited to the basal segment of the cochlea and a hearing loss of 3 or more years (range 3-28 years). Cochlear reconstructions were carried out to demonstrate the populations of hair and supporting cells, peripheral processes (dendrites), spiral ganglion cells, and the amount of surviving stria vascularis in different cochlear segments. Results The total loss of hair and supporting cells of the organ of Corti in the base of the cochlea is not accompanied by a proportional loss of spiral ganglion cells in the modiolar base. Conclusions A long-term loss of hearing in frequencies above 2 kHz, and corresponding hair cell loss, does not result in a subsequent loss of spiral ganglion cells in humans, in contrast to what has seen reported in animals. These findings suggest that the poor performance of cochlear implant patients after prolonged deafness is not due to ongoing degeneration of ganglion cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiral Ganglion Cell Loss Is Unrelated to Segmental Cochlear Sensory System Degeneration in Humans

Linthicum¹,

Fayad²

2009

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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“…Ninety years later, Corti (1851) discovered the receptor organ named after him. In a monumental work, Retzius (1884) improved histologic techniques and presented meticulous descriptions of the cellular anatomy of the human cochlea including surface preparations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human Cochlea: Anatomical Characteristics and their Relevance for Cochlear Implantation

Rask‐Andersen

Liu

Erixon

et al. 2012

The Anatomical Record

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141

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This is a review of the anatomical characteristics of human cochlea and the importance of variations in this anatomy to the process of cochlear implantation (CI). Studies of the human cochlea are essential to better comprehend the physiology and pathology of man's hearing. The human cochlea is difficult to explore due to its vulnerability and bordering capsule. Inner ear tissue undergoes quick autolytic changes making investigations of autopsy material difficult, even though excellent results have been presented over time. Important issues today are novel inner ear therapies including CI and new approaches for inner ear pharmacological treatments. Inner ear surgery is now a reality, and technical advancements in the design of electrode arrays and surgical approaches allow preservation of remaining structure/function in most cases. Surgeons should aim to conserve cochlear structures for future potential stem cell and gene therapies. Renewal interest of round window approaches necessitates further acquaintance of this complex anatomy and its variations. Rough cochleostomy drilling at the intricate ''hook'' region can generate intracochlear bone-dust-inducing fibrosis and new bone formation, which could negatively influence auditory nerve responses at a later time point. Here, we present macro-and microanatomic investigations of the human cochlea viewing the extensive anatomic variations that influence electrode insertion. In addition, electron microscopic (TEM and SEM) and immunohistochemical results, based on specimens removed at surgeries for lifethreatening petroclival meningioma and some well-preserved postmortal tissues, are displayed. These give us new information about structure as well as protein and molecular expression in man. Our aim was not to formulate a complete description of the complex human anatomy but to focus on aspects clinically relevant for electric stimulation, predominantly, the sensory targets, and how surgical atraumaticity best could be reached.

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“…Another typical feature of the human SG is the cluster formations of type I neural cell bodies. The cell bodies appear in small or large groups, some even devoid of separating SGCs where inter-neural membrane specializations may occur ( Rask-Andersen et al, 1997, 2000a,b; Tylstedt and Rask-Andersen, 2001 ). The significance of these densities has not been settled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pre- and post-somatic segments of the human type I spiral ganglion neurons – Structural and functional considerations related to cochlear implantation

et al. 2015

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HighlightsPre- and post-somatic segments of type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are unmyelinated in man.Following hair cell loss and retrograde nerve degeneration SGNs survive as “mono-polar” cells in human deafness.Non-myelinated Schwann cells may consolidate the neural cell bodies and protect SGNs from further degeneration.Human SGNs can persist as electrically excitable mono-polar cells even after long-time deafness.Robust survival of human SGNs is a prerequisite for cochlear implant function.

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Nerve fibre interaction with large ganglion cells in the human spiral ganglion

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Spiral Ganglion Cell Loss Is Unrelated to Segmental Cochlear Sensory System Degeneration in Humans

Spiral Ganglion Cell Loss Is Unrelated to Segmental Cochlear Sensory System Degeneration in Humans

Human Cochlea: Anatomical Characteristics and their Relevance for Cochlear Implantation

The pre- and post-somatic segments of the human type I spiral ganglion neurons – Structural and functional considerations related to cochlear implantation

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