Nerve entrapment syndromes of the upper limb: a pictorial review

Mangi, Mohammad Danish; Zadow, Steven; Lim, Wan Yin

doi:10.1186/s13244-022-01305-5

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…As a result, the most common sites of entrapment are at the cubital tunnel and at the ulnar canal (Fig. 6) (28) . The ulnar nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the ulnar side of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, the hypothenar muscles, the dorsal and palmar interosseous muscles of the hand, the adductor pollicis muscle, and the flexor digitorum profundus muscle.…”

Section: Ulnar Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography in the evaluation of peripheral nerves in the upper extremity

Serhal,

Lee,

Michalek

et al. 2023

J Ultrason

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Upper extremity entrapment neuropathies are common conditions in which peripheral nerves are prone to injury at specific anatomical locations, particularly superficial regions or within fibro-osseous tunnels, resulting in pain and potential disability. Although neuropathy is primarily diagnosed clinically by physical examination and electrophysiology, imaging evaluation with ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurogra- phy are valuable complementary non-invasive and accurate tools for evaluation and can help define the site and cause of nerve dysfunction which ultimately leads to precise and timely treatment. Ultrasound, which has higher spatial resolution, can quickly and comfortably characterize the peripheral nerves in real time and can evaluate for denervation related muscle atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging on the other hand provides excellent contrast resolution between the nerves and adjacent tissues, also between pathologic and normal segments of peripheral nerves. It can also assess the degree of muscle denervation and atrophy. As a prerequisite for nerve imaging, radiologists and sonographers should have a thorough knowledge of anat- omy of the peripheral nerves and their superficial and deep branches, including variant anatomy, and the motor and sensory territories innervated by each nerve. The purpose of this illustrative article is to review the common neuropathy and nerve entrapment syndromes in the upper extremities focusing on ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography imaging.

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Section: Ulnar Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography in the evaluation of peripheral nerves in the upper extremity

Serhal,

Lee,

Michalek

et al. 2023

J Ultrason

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ulnar nerve entrapment is one of the most common nerve entrapments in the upper extremity, second only to carpal tunnel syndrome [ 1 ]. Patients commonly present with hypesthesia in an ulnar nerve distribution accompanied by pain at the elbow radiating to the fourth and fifth digits [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Nerve Stimulator for Pain After Surgery for Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow

Mysior¹,

Walch²,

Gargya³

2023

Cureus

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Neuropathy secondary to ulnar nerve entrapment is a painful condition that often persists following surgical decompression. We present the case of a 43-year-old female with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and left ulnar neuritis refractory to surgical management. Peripheral nerve stimulation of the ulnar nerve proximal to the elbow resulted in a significant reduction in pain and improvement in disability post-implantation. This case suggests that peripheral nerve stimulation is a promising minimally invasive technique that should be considered for treating non-operative upper extremity neuropathic pain.

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“…In a normal nerve, the fascicular pattern can be distinguished. Nerves often travel alongside vessels and, hence, identifying nearby vessels can be a handy tool for locating a nerve of interest [ 13 ]. On MRI, nerves are normally hypointense on T1-weighted images and isointense to hyperintense on fluid-sensitive sequences [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Features of nerve entrapment on high-resolution ultrasound include focal nerve enlargement (increased cross-sectional area) and loss of echogenicity [ 13 , 14 ]. Abnormal MRI features of peripheral nerves in entrapment include increased signal on T2-weighted imaging and increased cross-sectional area of the nerve [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve entrapment syndromes of the lower limb: a pictorial review

Kumar,

Mangi,

Zadow

et al. 2023

Insights Imaging

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Peripheral nerves of the lower limb may become entrapped at various points during their anatomical course. While clinical assessment and nerve conduction studies are the mainstay of diagnosis, there are multiple imaging options, specifically ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which offer important information about the potential cause and location of nerve entrapment that can help guide management. This article overviews the anatomical course of various lower limb nerves, including the sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, medial plantar nerve, lateral plantar nerve, digital nerves, common peroneal nerve, deep peroneal nerve, superficial peroneal nerve, sural nerve, obturator nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and femoral nerve. The common locations and causes of entrapments for each of the nerves are explained. Common ultrasound and MRI findings of nerve entrapments, direct and indirect, are described, and various examples of the more commonly observed cases of lower limb nerve entrapments are provided.Critical relevance statement This article describes the common sites of lower limb nerve entrapments and their imaging features. It equips radiologists with the knowledge needed to approach the assessment of entrapment neuropathies, which are a critically important cause of pain and functional impairment.Key points• Ultrasound and MRI are commonly used to investigate nerve entrapment syndromes.• Ultrasound findings include nerve hypo-echogenicity, calibre changes and the sonographic Tinel’s sign.• MRI findings include increased nerve T2 signal, muscle atrophy and denervation oedema.• Imaging can reveal causative lesions, including scarring, masses and anatomical variants. Graphical Abstract

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Nerve entrapment syndromes of the upper limb: a pictorial review

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Role of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography in the evaluation of peripheral nerves in the upper extremity

Role of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography in the evaluation of peripheral nerves in the upper extremity

Peripheral Nerve Stimulator for Pain After Surgery for Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow

Nerve entrapment syndromes of the lower limb: a pictorial review

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