Nerve Entrapment of Upper Extremities in Sports

Adamczyk, Grzegorz

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_46-1

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We are aware of some limitations of our study: (1) The study group was relatively small and heterogeneous; therefore, our results may, to some extent, be due to differences in anthropological characteristics or lifestyle. (2) Shooters mainly used handguns; our results do not fully apply to users of longer firearms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Among the clinical assessment methods, we used three tests: (1) von Frey filament tactile method (vFf) (for the detection of impairment in sensory perception [12][13][14]), (2) Tinel-Hoffman sign (for the detection of pathology symptoms in the median nerve [15]), (3) Froment's sign (for the detection of pathology symptoms in the ulnar nerve [1]), and (4) history of CTS-specific symptoms. After obtaining at least one positive result, the shooter was referred for neuropsychological tests.…”

Section: Participants and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface electromyography (sEMG, Figure 2A) was performed bilaterally at rest (rEMG) and during maximal muscle contraction (mcEMG) on the deltoideus (DEL), biceps brachii (BB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) for 5 seconds. Parameters of amplitudes (in µV) in rEMG and mcEMG recordings and, additionally, frequencies (in Hz) of recruiting action potentials of motor units were analyzed Surface electromyography (sEMG, Figure 2A) was performed bilaterally at rest (rEMG) and during maximal muscle contraction (mcEMG) on the deltoideus (DEL), biceps brachii (BB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), and abductor pollicis brevis (APB) for 5 s. Parameters of amplitudes (in µV) in rEMG and mcEMG recordings and, additionally, frequencies (in Hz) of recruiting action potentials of motor units were analyzed and ranked from normal (3) to severe pathology (1). Standard disposable Ag/AgCl surface electrodes with an active surface of 5 mm 2 were used.…”

Section: Neurophysiological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shooting position forces the wrist, elbow, and shoulder to be overloaded, which may cause the dysfunction of neural impulse transmission in these three areas within the anatomical passage of the nerve branches of the upper extremity [1,2]. Earlier studies on the aforementioned dysfunctions in sports disciplines, such as golf [3] and archery [4], showed abnormalities in neurophysiological studies on the functioning of the motor units of the muscles responsible for gripping and stretching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Coexisting Brachial Plexus Neuropathies in Bullseye Shooters—A Pilot Retrospective Clinical and Neurophysiological Assessment

et al. 2023

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Shooting may impact the frequency of neuropathies in the upper extremity nerves or of cervical disc–root conflicts. This study was undertaken to assess whether shooting sports trained with a handgun by civilians may influence the risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and other neuropathies of the brachial plexus nerve fibers. Neurophysiological studies using surface electromyography (rEMG at rest and mcEMG during maximal contraction), electroneurography (ENG), and motor-evoked potential recordings (MEPs) were performed in a select population of nine shooters, which were rigorously screened as positive through a clinical examination for carpal tunnel syndrome and other brachial plexus neuropathies among a population of forty-two subjects, to confirm the existence of pathologies in the upper extremities. Increased muscle tension in rEMG and a simultaneous decrease in motor unit activity in mcEMG were recorded both in the proximal and distal muscles of the upper extremities more frequently in the shooters than in the healthy controls—volunteers. An ENG examination confirmed CTS in the shooting hand of four subjects (4/42; 9.5%), additionally revealing a significantly decreased F-wave at the C6–C7 levels in the dominant extremities of the shooting group in comparison to the control population (p = 0.05). All the examined subjects had revealed brachial plexus pathologies on both sides according to the results of the MEP recordings upon stimulation at the C4–C8 levels (various significant differences between the shooters and control group were found), and two had ulnar neuropathy in the wrist on the shooting side. It was concluded that shooting sports are a moderate risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome and that they significantly influence the development of other brachial plexus neuropathies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%