Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.

Salford, Leif G.; Brun, Arne; Eberhardt, J.L.; Malmgren, Lars; Persson, Bertil

doi:10.1289/ehp.6039

Cited by 375 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Another remarkable observation in our studies is the fact that a significant neuronal damage is seen in rat brains 50 days after a 2 hour exposure to GSM at specific absorption rates of 200 and 20 mW/kg [25]. Also 28 days after 2 hours of real GSM exposure (at power density levels of 2 and 0.2 mW/kg) the same type of neuronal damage is seen (article submitted for publication).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…When 25 microlitres of rat albumin is infused into rat neostriatum, 10 and 30, but not 3 mg/ml albumin causes neuronal cell death and severe axonal damage. It also causes leakage of endogenous albumin in and around the area of neuronal damage In our studies, we have observed albumin leakage out into the brain parenchyma 14 days [7] and 50 days [25] after 2 hours of EMF exposure to a real GSM programmable mobile phone in the 900 MHz band (at specific absorption rates of 200, 20 and 2 mW/kg for the 50 days post-exposure study and the same energy levels plus 0.2 mW/kg for the 14 days post-exposure study).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

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Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Grafström

Nittby

Brun

et al. 2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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2 AbstractIn order to mimic the real life situation, with often life-long exposure to the electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones, we have investigated in a rat model the effects of repeated exposures under a long period to Global System for Mobile Communication-900 MHz (GSM-900) radiation. Out of a total of 56 rats, 32 were exposed once weekly in a two hours period, for totally 55 weeks, at different specific absorption rates (SAR) (of in average 0.6 and 60 mW/kg at the initiation of the experimental period). The animals were exposed in a transverse electromagnetic transmission line chamber (TEM-cell) to radiation emitted by a GSM-900 test phone. Sixteen animals were sham exposed and eight animals were cage controls, which never left the animal house. After behavioural tests, 5-7 weeks after the last exposure, the brains were evaluated for histopathological alterations such as albumin extravasation, dark neurons, lipofuscin aggregation and signs of cytoskeletal and neuritic neuronal changes of the type seen in human ageing. In this study, no significant alteration of any these histopathological paramteters was found, when comparing the GSM exposed animals to the sham exposed controls.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Grafström

Nittby

Brun

et al. 2008

Brain Research Bulletin

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“…[15] Most animal studies have reported evidence for neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, reduced memory functions, increased permeability of the bloodbrain barrier, and signs of neuronal damage in the brains of rats exposed to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. [16][17][18] Whereas, a study by Grafström et al showed no significant alteration in the histopathological parameters, when comparing the GSM-exposed animals to the sham-exposed controls. [19] The International Agency for Research on Cancer which is a part of the World Health Organization has grouped these radiations as Group 2B carcinogens implying that they are possibly carcinogenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Does the duration of mobile phone usage affect the human auditory system? A middle latency auditory-evoked potential study in young adults

J¹,

Arunkumar²,

Roopakala³

2018

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Mobile phones emit microwave range of electromagnetic radiations. The human auditory cortex has a greater chance of being affected by these radiations due to the close proximity during usage. Middle latency auditory-evoked potential (MLAEP) recording helps in testing the integrity of the thalamo-cortical pathway of the human auditory system. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives are (1) to compare the latencies of MLAEPs in short-and long-term mobile phone users based on years of usage and (2) to compare the latencies of MLAEPs in mobile phone users grouped based on the duration of usage per day. Materials and Methods: MLAEP recording was done in 20 short-and long-term mobile users described as the history of usage of mobile phone less than and more than 1 year, respectively. Further, the group was categorized based on the duration of usage per day. Mean latencies of the MLAEP waves Na, Pa, and Nb were measured and compared statistically using Student's t-test (two tailed, independent) and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean latencies of MLAEP waveforms in both the ears were found to be significantly increased in long-term mobile phone users and in individuals who use mobile phones for more than 1 h per day. Conclusion: The study shows that long-term usage, as well as longer duration of usage of mobile phones, significantly affects the nerve conduction velocity in the thalamo-cortical region of the human auditory pathway.

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“…Latency of Wave I is increased when there is damage to auditory nerve or there is a cochlear pathology. Electromagnetic frequencies of mobile phones cause damage to nerves [20]. Since, auditory nerve is closest to electromagnetic field of mobile phone; it is the most likely nerve to be damaged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Long Term Effect of Mobile Phone Usage on Hearing Faculties Using Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

Sharma¹,

DK²

2016

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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Mobile phones are the necessity in modern life. The exposure to electromagnetic field emitted by mobile telephones is increasing rapidly that causes side effects, which may be thermal and non-thermal side effects. Thirty non-user participants and sixty user participants (who use mobile phones for more than 1 hour for more than 2 years) were included in the study. Users participants were further sub-divided into Group A (which use mobile phones for more than 1 hours for more than 2 years but less than 5 years) and Group B (who use mobile phones for more than 1 hours for more than 5 years). Auditory status of the subjects was assessed by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). Latencies of waves I, III, V and inter-peak latency of I-V were recorded in users and non-users. There was a significant change in the latencies of BERA potentials of wave I and III in users compared to non-users. These changes suggest that radiations emitted from mobile phone causes damage to inner ear, cochlea and may be outer hair cells of inner ear. These results show that electromagnetic frequencies of mobile phone cause some damage to ear and auditory pathway. The study shows that mobile phones have a detrimental effect on the human auditory system.

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Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.

Cited by 375 publications

References 17 publications

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Histopathological examinations of rat brains after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation

Does the duration of mobile phone usage affect the human auditory system? A middle latency auditory-evoked potential study in young adults

Assessment Long Term Effect of Mobile Phone Usage on Hearing Faculties Using Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

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