Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Viswanath, Deepak

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1333

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common childhood renal disease characterized by a remitting and relapsing pattern;[ 1 ] it is a manifestation of different histopathological subtypes;[ 2 ] the true incidence of various histopathological subtypes of NS remains unestimated owing to a diversity of criteria for performing renal biopsies in pediatric population. [ 3 ] Consequently, the delay in the diagnosis and initiation of management has strong implication on the disease outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children continue to experience disease flare-ups for a considerable period of time from onset. [ 1 ] One of the earliest studies on histological findings of renal biopsies published in 1970s reported minimal change disease (MCD) as the most common subtype in children with NS. [ 7 8 ] Subsequent data on the incidence of NS have remained unchanged over the past three decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A histopathological outlook on nephrotic syndrome: A pediatric perspective

Arif

Amjad

2016

Indian J Nephrol

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The developing world is observing changing histopathological patterns of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). However, the true burden of non-minimal change disease (non-MCD) presenting as INS remains unestimated owing to a paucity of data on renal biopsies. Data were collected from January 2006 to June 2014 on 75 children up to 16 years of age who underwent renal biopsies for INS. Mean age at biopsy was 11.2 ± 3.7 years. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. A total of 25 (33.3%) children were steroid sensitive, 36 (48%) were steroid resistant, 10 (13.3%) were steroid dependent and 4 (5.3%) came with relapse of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most common histopathological subtype observed in 35 (46.8%) children followed by membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) in 11 (14.7%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MSGN) in 4 (5.3%) each and IgA nephropathy in one (1.3%). MCD was the histological lesion in 19 (25.3%) children. The histopathology established FSGS as the main underlying cause of steroid resistant NS. The study highlights the emergence of non-MCD as the common cause of INS in the pediatric population and signifies the importance of renal biopsies in children with INS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A histopathological outlook on nephrotic syndrome: A pediatric perspective

Arif

Amjad

2016

Indian J Nephrol

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“…Renal biopsy is done when there is poor or no response of the initial episode after 4 to 6 weeks of standard treatment (defined as steroidresistant disease), and the child should be medically stable. The biopsy is essential to distinguish the nature and severity of the glomerular process, which may be primary or secondary 11 . Most children do not get a kidney biopsy at presentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison the Serum Level of Paraoxonase Activity in Frequent Relapse and Infrequent Relapse Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

Dhuha A. Hussain,

Sinan A. Ibrahim,

Raid J. Mohamed

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is distinguished by heavy proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio ≥2000 mg/g or ≥300 mg/dL, or 3+ protein on urine dipstick), hypoalbuminemia (≤2.5 g/dL), and edema. Leakage of massive amounts of serum proteins into the urine leads to a hypercoagulable state, a higher rate of infectious disease, and the dysregulation of fluid balance. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is one of the most common renal problems in children encountered in day-to-day nephrology practices. The present study was aimed to evaluate the oxidant/ antioxidant status by measuring paraoxonase (PON) activities as well as total antioxidant capacity in ste roid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (frequent and infrequent relapse) and compares it with healthy control children . Paraoxonase activity by spectrophotometer in three groups consisted of age and sex matched (30) patients with Frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome FRNS , (30) patients with infrequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (IFRNS) and ( 30) healthy control children. The serum level of paraoxonase activity in infrequent relapse group was 101.61±43.0 IU which far less than frequent relapse group (160.44±44.22 IU) or controls (228.35±32.35 IU) with highly significant differences. Of note, the difference between control group and frequent relapse group was highly significant.

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“…Males are commonly affected more than females (2.5:1). Approximately (85%) as major cause children with NS have minimal change type [2] . Morbidity and mortality were high in NS and infection was the leading cause of death in children with nephrotic syndrome, in addition the effects of immunosuppressive therapies which are used as treatment may increase the susceptibility of infection [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers Quality of Life towards their Children with Nephrotic Syndrome at Pediatric Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City

Ali¹,

Mosawi²

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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A descriptive correlational study was conducted to assess the quality of life of mothers toward theır children with nephrotıc syndrome on in children's teaching hospitals in Baghdad, which received mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome during the period from (the nineteenth of September 2020to the twentysecond June 2021).the results of the study showed The age of children ranges from one to five years, and most of the diagnostic age is less than three years. mothers were mostly between the ages of 20-29. More than half of mothers are unemployed. The highest percentage of mothers were found to have a bachelor's degree. the results of the study showed that mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome suffer from moderate (63.0%) overall level of quality of life in the five domains of, physical, psychological, social ,environmental, beliefs and spiritual .All social and demographic characteristics of the mother do not affect the quality of life except for age, monthly income, level of education, and psychological distress.Recommendations: Health and educational institutions should hold special meetings and celebrations for mother and child. Nephrotic Syndrome is educational and entertaining at the same time. Availability of multidisciplinary team of supportive care as well as follow-up out-patient clinic that include pediatric nurses, renal physicians, social workers, dietitian, psychotherapists and physiotherapist to assist children and their mother in maintaining near normal lifestyle at highest possible level of emotional feeling..

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Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

A histopathological outlook on nephrotic syndrome: A pediatric perspective

A histopathological outlook on nephrotic syndrome: A pediatric perspective

Comparison the Serum Level of Paraoxonase Activity in Frequent Relapse and Infrequent Relapse Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

Mothers Quality of Life towards their Children with Nephrotic Syndrome at Pediatric Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City

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