Nephrotic syndrome associated with<i>Toxocara canis</i>infection

Shetty, Avinash K.; Avilés, Diego

doi:10.1080/02724939992400

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The demonstration of increased Toxocara-specific IgM has been considered indicative of acute infection (21). In our study, however, IgM was not a good marker for Toxocara infection because only 1 of 30 samples was positive by the assay.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Use of Three Recombinant Antigens (TES-26, TES-30USM, and TES-120)

2009

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Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serologic tests that use Toxocara excretory-secretory (TES) antigen to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the larvae. In general, however, these assays do not have adequate specificity for use in countries in which other soil-transmitted helminths are endemic. The use of recombinant antigens in these assays, however, is promising for improving the specificity of the diagnosis of toxocariasis. Toward this goal, we developed an IgG4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) involving three recombinant antigens: rTES-30USM (previously produced), rTES-26, and rTES-120. The latter two antigens were produced by reverse transcription-PCR cloning; subcloned into glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged and His-tagged prokaryotic expression vectors, respectively; and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins were subsequently purified by affinity chromatography using GST and His-Trap resins. The diagnostic potential of each purified recombinant antigen was tested with various immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, and IgE) and IgG subclasses. The IgG4 ELISA was determined to have the highest specificity and was further evaluated using a panel of serum samples. The rTES-26 IgG4 ELISA showed 80.0% (24/30 samples positive) sensitivity, and both the rTES-30USM IgG4 ELISA and rTES-120 IgG4 ELISA had 93.0% (28/30) sensitivity. Combined use of rTES-120 and rTES-30 IgG4 ELISA for the diagnosis of toxocariasis provided 100% sensitivity. The specificities of rTES-26, rTES-30USM, and rTES-120 antigens were 96.2%, 93.9%, and 92.0%, respectively. These results indicate that the development of a diagnostic test using the three recombinant antigens will allow for more-accurate detection of toxocariasis.Human toxocariasis is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis, caused most commonly by the intestinal parasites the dog roundworm (Toxocara canis) and also the cat roundworm (Toxocara cati) (2). It commonly manifests as visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, and covert toxocariasis. Toxocariasis is probably one of the most common zoonotic helminthiases in temperate climates and developed countries (20). In Malaysia, the seroprevalence rate is approximately 20% (6).Definitive diagnosis of toxocariasis is based on the detection of Toxocara larvae from biopsy tissues, but this test is timeconsuming and difficult to perform. Therefore, diagnosis is commonly based on clinical and serologic diagnosis. Currently, common routine serology tests are applied for detection, such as commercial immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in which Toxocara excretorysecretory (TES) antigens obtained from culture of T. canis second-stage (L2) larvae are used (22). The use of the native TES antigen for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis is a laborious and time-consuming technique, and the production capacity is limited by the culture volume (22). Further, the specificity is often low, especially in developing countries, where infections with helminths that cause c...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Use of Three Recombinant Antigens (TES-26, TES-30USM, and TES-120)

2009

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“…In the last of these instances, symptoms are more pronounced, with increased levels of IgE/anti-IgE immune complexes (39). Myocarditis (44), nephritis (53), and involvement of the CNS have been described. CNS involvement can lead to seizures, neuropsychiatric symptoms, or encephalopathy.…”

Section: Vlmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocariasis: Clinical Aspects, Epidemiology, Medical Ecology, and Molecular Aspects

2003

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Toxocariasis is caused by a series of related nematode species (ascarids) that routinely infect dogs and cats throughout the world. The eggs from these ascarids are common environmental contaminants of human habitation, due largely to the fact that many kinds of dogs and cats serve as pets, while countless others run wild throughout the streets of most urban centers. The eggs, present in dog and cat feces, become infectious within weeks after they are deposited in the local environment (e.g., sandboxes, city parks, and public beaches, etc.). Humans, particularly children, frequently ingest these eggs by accident and become infected. Infection in humans, in contrast to their definitive hosts, remains occult, often resulting in disease caused by the migrating larval stages. Visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) are two clinical manifestations that result in definable syndromes and present as serious health problems wherever they occur. Diagnosis and treatment of VLM and OLM are difficult. These issues are summarized in this review, with emphasis on the ecology of transmission and control of spread to both humans and animals through public health initiatives employing treatment of pets and environmental intervention strategies that limit the areas that dogs and cats are allowed within the confines of urban centers

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“…Several investigators have described this relationship between Toxocara spp. and renal disease Shetty and Aviles 1999;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existem na literatura algumas referências a acometimento renal em pacientes infectados por T. canis Aviles, 1999), além de encontro de glomerulopatia em camundongos experimentalmente infectados .…”

Section: Outros Aspectos Da Patogeniaunclassified

“…However, the liver, lungs, and central nervous system, including the eyes, appear to be most sensitive. Renal manifestations, such as nephrotic syndrome in humans and glomerular pathology, have been described as outcomes of T. canis infection; this is similar to other parasitic infections in humans and experimental animals Shetty and Aviles 1999). Mice usually are the model animals of choice for studying experimental toxocariasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxocaríase experimental em hamster

Silva¹

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A Deus por sempre iluminar meu caminho, e permitir a minha trajetória.Ao Prof. Thales de Brito, por sua dedicação incansável a esse trabalho, pelos anos de convivência que me permitiram testemunhar seu amor pela ciência e seu entusiasmo pela vida.Ao Prof. Pedro Paulo Chieffi, pelos ensinamentos, sugestões e apoio, que tanto contribuíram para a realização desse trabalho.A Profa. Mirian Nacagami Sotto, pelo incentivo, apoio e amizade.Ao Prof. Edécio Cunha-Neto, por ter me recebido em seu Laboratório de Imunologia do INCOR, onde foi realizado o RT-PCR, e por sua contribuição na interpretação dos resultados.

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Nephrotic syndrome associated withToxocara canisinfection

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Use of Three Recombinant Antigens (TES-26, TES-30USM, and TES-120)

Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Use of Three Recombinant Antigens (TES-26, TES-30USM, and TES-120)

Toxocariasis: Clinical Aspects, Epidemiology, Medical Ecology, and Molecular Aspects

Toxocaríase experimental em hamster

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