Nephrosis in Childhood

Abstract

Succinct aspects of clinical features, pathophysiology and prognosis of nephrotic syndrome in childhood, and indications for performing renal biopsy are enumerated in this review. Orthodox treatment of the nephrotic syndrome with more recent therapeutic approaches, and the role of diuretics, albumin infusions and immunizations in patients with the nephrotic syndrome are reviewed. The etiology of peritonitis, acute renal failure, and renal transplantation are re-examined to update nephrologists on the associated complications of this common childhood disease.

Chronic Renal Failure: An Overview from a Pediatric Perspective

“…every other day for 6 months, has been advocated by Mendoza et al [168]who had shown good responses. Others [169]have advocated the additional use of cyclosporin A at 5–7 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. This treatment regimen has been successful in some patients with nephrotic syndrome from focal glomerulosclerosis, especially during the earlier stages of focal glomerulosclerosis.…”

Peritonitis as a risk factor of acute renal failure in nephrotic children

“…However truly acute "intrinsic" renal failure is an uncommon complication of this disease, especially in children [1,2,3,4]. A clear explanation for the development of severe renal failure in these patients is rarely found, but in most cases clinical improvement with supportive therapy suggests unknown and transient deleterious phenomena.…”

Prognostic Value of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

“…anemia, persistent hypocomplementimia with persistent raised serum creatinine and high cholesterol, unfavorable age (<2 years and >8 years) are regarded as bad prognostic features 1,2,7,10 . So, it is importancte to correlate the biochemical and hematological parameters with the prognosis of the disease.…”

“…Primary or idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is commonly seen in 95% of patients 6 , 80% of whom show histological features of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and have good prognosis [7][8] . Although recurrence is common in nephrotic syndrome, 90-95% of children with MCNS are responsive to steroid therapy with complete clinical and biochemical remission and have excellent long term prognosis 2,6,7,9 . Steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) comprises 80-90% of nephrotic syndrome and rest 10-20% nephrotic syndrome is steroid resistant (SRNS) 10 .…”