Nephroprotective activity of Bilvādi agada in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats

Abstract

Background:Gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity accounts for 10–30% of the acute renal failure (ARF) among drug-induced ARF. In Ayurveda such side effects are considered as the poisonous effects of low potent poisons called gara viṣa. Bilvādi agada (BA), a classical formulation is indicated in gara viṣa and most of its ingredients have proven for their nephroprotective activity.Aim:The aim was to evaluate the effect of BA in GM-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats.Materials and Methods:BA, GM, normal saline were procured from standard companies.Settings and Designs:Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, viz. Control group which received normal saline intraperitoneal (i.p.) daily for 8 days; toxic group received GM 80 mg/kg/day i.p. for 8 days, and trial group received both GM 80 mg/kg/day i.p. and BA 216 mg/each rat weighing ~200 g orally 1 h after administration of GM.Statistics:All the values were expressed as mean ± standard error and data were analyzed by applying one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's test for multiple comparison.Results:BA treated group showed a significant change (P < 0.05) in levels of serum creatinine, urine creatinine, and urine potassium. There was no significant change (P > 0.05) seen in serum potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus and urine sodium, chloride in all three groups. Glomerular congestion, interstitial edema, tubular necrosis, interstitial hemorrhage was reduced in BA treated group. The results of this study indicate that BA reduces GM-induced nephrotoxicity and it may be due to anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, diuretic and anti-oxidant properties of drugs. Further studies are necessary to explore the exact mechanism of BA in nephroprotection.

Protective Effect of Tecoma stans Flowers on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxocity in Rats

“…Many plants have been used for the treatment of kidney failure in traditional system of medicine throughout the world (Kumar et al, 2013). Many research studies reported the protective effect of plant extracts on gentamicin induced nephrotoxocity, which supports our current studies (Kanna et al, 2015;Manimala et al, 2015;Padmalochana and Rajan, 2015;Shalaby and Hammouda, 2014;Tavafi et al, 2012). Tecoma stans leaves, bark and roots contain many biologically active chemicals and extracts from those tissues have been used in traditional folk medicine to treat many diseases and conditions (Liogier, 1990).…”

Efecto nefroprotector del Camu Camu (Myrciaria dubia) en un modelo de nefrotoxicidad inducida por gentamicina en ratas

“…frecuentemente en el tratamiento de infecciones producidas por bacterias aerobias gram negativas; sin embargo, su terapia está relacionada con una de las complicaciones más frecuentes, la nefrotoxicidad 1,2,3,4 . Las concentraciones elevadas de esta droga en la superficie del endotelio capilar glomerular y del epitelio tubular renal producen aumento de los niveles de creatinina sérica, alteraciones morfológicas como edema y necrosis a nivel tubular, todo esto produce un aumento del estrés oxidativo y toxicidad renal 2 .…”

“…Las concentraciones elevadas de esta droga en la superficie del endotelio capilar glomerular y del epitelio tubular renal producen aumento de los niveles de creatinina sérica, alteraciones morfológicas como edema y necrosis a nivel tubular, todo esto produce un aumento del estrés oxidativo y toxicidad renal 2 . Estudios previos han demostrado que el efecto nefrotóxico de la gentamicina puede ser mediado por la sobreproducción de especies reactivas de oxigeno (EROS), y esto debido a un incremento significativo de hidroperóxidos lipídicos y radicales hidroxilos, lo que ocasiona lesión a nivel de las estructuras internas de la nefrona 3,4,5,6,7 .…”

“…El Ácido ascórbico (AsA) o vitamina C es un potente antioxidante, soluble en agua, elimina de manera eficaz los radicales libres y EROS 8,9,10 . Además, la vitamina C interviene en muchos procesos metabólicos como la estimulación de la cicatrización, aumentando la síntesis de colágeno y hormonas 4 . Diversos estudios vienen demostrando las propiedades antimutagénicas, antigenotóxicas y anticlastogénicas del ácido ascórbico debido a su capacidad antioxidativa frente a la acción de los radicales libres 5,11 .…”

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“…[3] The mechanism of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats is through generation of oxidative stress which is mainly due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. [4,5] ROS may result in the development of oxidative stress that may cause kidney damage. [6] Various inflammatory mediators responsible for inflammation may also result…”