Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Due to Urinary Tract Obstruction: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) due to obstructive uropathy is not widely known by physicians and hence not well represented in the literature. To better understand its presentation, clinical course, and available treatments, we conducted a systematic review of case reports on NDI due to urinary tract obstruction. Material and Methods: This observational study was a systematic review of 19 human cases found in the literature. It was done retrospectively to focus on whether NDI can occur due to obstruction of the urinary tract and, if so, what the mechanism (pathophysiology) is. Results: We found that the most common symptom of NDI due to urinary tract obstruction was polyuria. The most common cause of NDI due to urinary tract obstruction was cancer. The most common site for obstruction was the ureter. And the most common test used to confirm the diagnosis was failure to concentrate urine after the administration of desmopressin. Surgical intervention was the most common treatment to relieve obstruction. Conclusion: We found that urinary tract obstruction can cause NDI. With early diagnosis and timely relief of the obstruction, NDI can be reversible.

Hepatitis and Meningoencephalitis due to Enterovirus in a Toddler

“…Encephalitis is defined by the presence of an inflammatory process of the brain in association with clinical evidence of neurologic dysfunction [1] whereas hepatitis is defined by the presence of an inflammatory process of the Liver. The Coxsackie virus family is enterovirus and is spread by the fecal-oral and respiratory routes.…”

“…This is an open access article under CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/imminv.v3i1.133 prior and drinking raw milk 2 weeks before the development of symptoms. He had Posterior Urethral value at time of birth which caused Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus [1], it was then surgically corrected. He had no contact with a sick person, history of travel, bleeding tendencies, any form of adenopathy and/or change in the color of stools or urine.…”