Nephrogenic Adenoma in a Urethral Diverticulum

Abstract

Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) is a rare finding that represents metaplasia of the urothelium. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with a symptomatic anterior vaginal wall cyst that was found to be an NA within a urethral diverticulum. Although this remains an infrequently reported entity in the literature, prevalence has been shown to be higher in consecutive case series than what may be presumed by the rarity of case reports in clinical literature. Nephrogenic adenoma within a urethral diverticulum may represent an under-recognized entity which needs to be carefully distinguished from clear cell adenocarcinoma occurring within urethral diverticula. We discuss salient clinical features of NA occurring within a urethral diverticulum and describe a review of literature of published cases to date.

Nephrogenic adenoma in elderly patients: Three case reports

“…However, the studies of Husain et al and Kao et al involved pediatric cases of NA (8,9). Several predisposing factors have been reported to be associated with NA, in adults as well as in children (1,8,9,11,12). Our patients had also undergone various treatments prior to the development of the NAs; 1 patient was subjected to TUL due to a ureteral stone and TUR-P due to BPH; 1 patient had received TUR due to urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder; and the third patient had received TUR due to urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder, followed by treatment with BCG.…”

“…The usual clinical presentation is hematuria, dysuria and frequency of micturition (10). Several predisposing factors have been reported to be associated with NA, in adults as well as in children, including genitourinary trauma, chronic inflammation, prior surgery, renal calculi, repeated instrumentation, irritated anatomical anomalies and pelvic irradiation, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy and diverticuli (1,8,9,11,12).…”

Nephrogenic adenoma arising in a complex circumferential urethral diverticulum of a female patient with a history of childhood neuroblastoma and chemotherapy

“…Recurrent infection, anatomical abnormalities, and a history of urinary tract instrumentation predispose patients to the development of nephrogenic adenomas [1, 2]. Unique to this case is the patient’s history of cyclophosphamide administration, which is a known risk factor for bladder cancer [3].…”