Nephrocalcinosis in a patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis – A rare entity

Abstract

Nephrocalcinosis is a rare condition in clinical practice where there is an increased renal deposition of calcium. Varied causes of this condition have been given in literature, and tuberculosis (TB) has been an important one. Hypercalcemia is a known complication of granulomatous diseases. We report a rare case explicitly showing relationship of extrapulmonary (genitourinary) TB with nephrocalcinosis.

Risk factors and implications associated with ultrasound‐diagnosed nephrocalcinosis in cats with chronic kidney disease

“…30,31 Ionized hypercalcemia also has been associated with nephrocalcinosis in human patients. [32][33][34] Increased plasma phosphate concentration was another independent risk factor for nephrocalcinosis, which is consistent physiologically Note: Summary of P-values for all variables included in the model. Group represents cats in "absence of nephrocalcinosis" or "presence of nephrocalcinosis" group based on the ultrasonographic findings at enrolment.…”

“…This seems logical, given that blood iCa is the physiologically active form of calcium 30,31 . Ionized hypercalcemia also has been associated with nephrocalcinosis in human patients 32‐34 …”

Cystic pulmonary tuberculosis in a child with medullary nephrocalcinosis: A rare association

“…Possible causes of cysts formation include granulomatous involvement of bronchioles with a check‐valve mechanism and/or communication of the necrotic tubercular lesions with airways which can lead to interstitial air leakage 2,3 . Characteristic sonographic appearance of medullary hyperechogenicity suggestive of medullary nephrocalcinosis has been previously reported with extra‐pulmonary TB only 4 …”

“…2,3 Characteristic sonographic appearance of medullary hyperechogenicity suggestive of medullary nephrocalcinosis has been previously reported with extra-pulmonary TB only. 4…”