Nephelometry determined serum immunoglobulin isotypes in healthy Thai children aged 2–15 years

Abstract

Knowledge of what constitute normal serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations are important for the diagnosis of immunologic disorders. Data on normal Ig evaluated by nephelometry are limited in healthy Asian children, none being available for Thai children. One hundred and forty-eight healthy Thai children aged 2-15 years were tested for serum immunoglobulins G, A, M, G1, G2, G3, and G4 (Ig G, A, M, G1, G2, G3, and G4) by nephelometry. Sixty-three percent were girls of median interquartile range age 6.9 (4.8-9.7) years. The geometric means for each Ig were summarized and categorized by age. Statistical analyses were used to compare Igs between sexes and age groups, and to compare IgG in this study with data from other published studies. The average ratios of IgG subclasses/IgG for Ig G1:2:3:4 were 66:22:5:7%. IgG, IgA, IgG2, and IgG3 concentrations showed a gradual increase with increasing age. There were no significant sex differences for any immunoglobulin isotype (P = 0.971). Our mean IgG concentration was lower than that measured by the radial diffusion method in healthy Thai children (P < 0.05). In all age groups, the mean IgG concentration in our study was significantly higher than that reported in Turkish and USA children, evaluated by the nephelometric and radial diffusion techniques, respectively (both P <0.001). This study provides information about normal Ig concentrations measured by nephelometry in healthy Asian children and illustrates the importance of ascertaining normal Ig values for age-and ethnic-matched controls using the same assay to diagnose immunologic disorders correctly.

Reference ranges for serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and IgG subclass levels in healthy children

“…Fluctuations in IgG4 levels were observed between the age groups in our study, whereas IgG4 concentrations continued to increase with age in some studies (18). Our results are similar to the findings of a Thai study (19).…”

Immunoglobulin values in healthy Thai children aged ≤ 24 months determined by nephelometry

“…[6][7][8] Our team reported the significant differences of geometric mean IgG concentrations between Thai and Caucasian children and adolescents. 9 The IgG levels of Thai children aged 2-15 years 9 were higher than the levels of American 10 and Turkish children. 11 Geography, nutrition, and socioeconomic status are environmental factors that affect the incidence of infectious diseases and may cause differences in serum Ig levels.…”

“…11,[15][16][17] Even though there are studies measuring serum Ig levels by nephelometry in Western countries, to our knowledge, only our recently published article reported the results in Asian children aged 2-15 years. 9 For this study, we aim to evaluate Ig values in healthy Thai infants because normal levels differ so much in these ages and there is still limited data from which reference levels can be derived.…”

Deficiencia selectiva de inmunoglobulina A: manifestaciones clínicas, hallazgos de laboratorio y diagnóstico preciso

“…En la consulta se sugiere indagar dentro de los antecedentes familiares por casos de otros errores innatos de la inmunidad o de autoinmunidad. Sin embargo, para confirmar el diagnóstico fenotípico y descartar una inmunodeficiencia común variable debe realizarse dosificación de inmunoglobulinas séricas, preferiblemente por nefelometría, pues tiene mayor sensibilidad (19). Debido a que varios estudios han reportado que entre el 5-20 % de los casos de deficiencia selectiva de IgA se asocian a deficiencia de una o varias subclases de IgG, se deberían cuantificar estas inmunoglobulinas (20 -22).…”