Neovascularization during venous thrombosis organization: A preliminary study

Wakefield, Thomas W.; Linn, Marisa J.; Henke, Peter K.; Kadell, Amy M.; Wilke, Carol A.; Wrobleski, Shirley K.; Sarkar, Minakshi; Burdick, Marie D.; Myers, Daniel D.; Strieter, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70013-3

Cited by 116 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Histological studies have confirmed the appearance of intrathrombus clefts and neovascular channels that evolve mostly within the first 4 wk (7,18,20). Pleotropic angiogenic growth factors released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes are known to be present in the resolving thrombus and include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Eep Vein Thrombosis (Dvt)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Restoration of blood flow in a thrombosed vein also involves neovascularization with functional flow channels, thrombus retraction, and fibrinolysis (7,18,19). Histological studies have confirmed the appearance of intrathrombus clefts and neovascular channels that evolve mostly within the first 4 wk (7,18,20).…”

Section: Eep Vein Thrombosis (Dvt)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue sections (10 m) as described (7,18,19,34). Anti-PMN (1/1000; Accurate Chemical and Scientific), anti-F4/80 (1/100; Serotec), anti-CCR2 (1/100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-uPA (1/250; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF; 1/100; Serotec) were used.…”

Section: Histological Analysis/immunohistochemical Staining/neovasculmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thrombus mediators are produced both in the thrombus and by the surrounding vein wall cells, given the intimate physical proximity of the thrombus-vein wall interface (5,18,33). To evaluate the thrombus milieu, only the thrombus (and not wall) was evaluated at 2, 4, and 8 days after DVT (for which complete thrombus extraction is possible) for analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Dvt In Ccr2 ϫ/ϫ Mice Have An Altered Chemokine Milieu and Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeted Deletion of CCR2 Impairs Deep Vein Thombosis Resolution in a Mouse Model

Henke

Pearce

Moaveni

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

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109

177

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CCR2 is required for monocyte recruitment in many inflammatory processes, as well as conferring Th1 lymphokine responses. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) resolution represents a specific inflammatory response whereby the thrombus must be dissolved for restoration of blood flow. Using a stasis model of DVT in the mouse, we investigated the role of CCR2 on DVT resolution. Genetic deletion of CCR2 (CCR2−/−) was associated with larger thrombi at early and later time points, increased thrombus collagen, fewer thrombus monocytes (F4/80), and significantly impaired neovascularization. IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly reduced in early CCR2−/− thrombi, whereas MCP-1 was significantly increased, and Th2 lymphokines were unaffected. Supplementation of CCR2−/− mice with IFN-γ normalized early thrombus resolution without increasing monocyte influx. Neither Ab depletion of IFN-γ nor genetic deletion of IFN-γ impaired early DVT resolution. Early fibrinolysis was not impaired in CCR2−/− mice, but a significant reduction in both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity was observed. However, only MMP-9 activity was restored with administration of IFN-γ. We conclude that an early CCR2-dependent Th1 lymphokine response predominates in normal DVT resolution, mediates this in part by MMP-9 activation, but is not solely dependent on IFN-γ.

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Section: Eep Vein Thrombosis (Dvt)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Eep Vein Thrombosis (Dvt)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Histological Analysis/immunohistochemical Staining/neovasculmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dvt In Ccr2 ϫ/ϫ Mice Have An Altered Chemokine Milieu and Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Targeted Deletion of CCR2 Impairs Deep Vein Thombosis Resolution in a Mouse Model

Henke

Pearce

Moaveni

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

Self Cite

109

177

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“…Wakefield et al reported the results of on an experimental study that suggested that neoangiogenesis occurs during the process of organization of a thrombus, resulting in recanalization of occluded vessels 30 . Along the same lines, other authors have claimed that recanalization is part of the physiological process of thrombus remodeling.…”

Section: Recanalization and Neoangiogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recanalization after acute deep vein thrombosis

2013

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The process of recanalization of the veins of the lower limbs after an episode of acute deep venous thrombosis is part of the natural evolution of the remodeling of the venous thrombus in patients on anticoagulation with heparin and vitamin K inhibitors. This remodeling involves the complex process of adhesion of thrombus to the wall of the vein, the inflammatory response of the vessel wall leading to organization and subsequent contraction of the thrombus, neovascularization and spontaneous lysis of areas within the thrombus. The occurrence of spontaneous arterial flow in recanalized thrombosed veins has been described as secondary to neovascularization and is characterized by the development of flow patterns characteristic of arteriovenous fistulae that can be identified by color duplex scanning. In this review, we discuss some controversial aspects of the natural history of deep vein thrombosis to provide a better understanding of its course and its impact on venous disease.Keywords: venous thrombosis; ultrasonography Doppler color; review literature as topic. ResumoO processo de recanalização das veias dos membros inferiores, após um episódio de trombose venosa profunda aguda em pacientes anticoagulados com heparina e inibidores da vitamina K, faz parte da evolução natural da remodelagem do trombo venoso. Esse complexo processo de remodelagem envolve a adesão do trombo à parede da veia, à resposta inflamatória da parede do vaso, levando à organização e subsequente contração do trombo, à neovascularização e à lise espontânea de áreas no interior do trombo. A presença de fluxo arterial espontâneo em veias com trombose recanalizada tem sido descrita como secundária à neovascularização e se caracteriza pelo desenvolvimento de fluxo com padrão de fístulas arteriovenosas, identificadas por meio de mapeamento dúplex colorido. Nesta revisão, são discutidos alguns aspectos controversos da história natural da trombose venosa profunda, para uma melhor compreensão da sua evolução e do seu impacto sobre a doença venosa.Palavras-chave: trombose venosa; ultrassonografia Doppler em cores; literatura de revisão como assunto.

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Energy spectrum CT index‐based machine learning model predicts the effect of intravenous thrombolysis in lower limbs

Liu,

Yang,

Yin

et al. 2023

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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To develop a noninvasive machine learning (ML) model based on energy spectrum computed tomography venography (CTV) indices for preoperatively predicting the effect of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in lower limbs. A total of 3492 slices containing thrombus regions from 58 veins in lower limbs in a cohort of 18 patients, divided in good and poor thrombolysis prognosis groups, were analyzed. Key indices were selected by univariate analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient test. A support vector machine classifier‐based model was developed through ten‐fold cross validation. Model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness at both per‐slice and per‐vessel levels. Continuous variables and categorical variables were compared between good and poor thrombolysis prognosis group by Mann‐Whitney U‐test and chi‐square test, respectively. A nomogram was built by integrating clinical factors and the energy spectrum CTV index‐based score calculated by the model. Six indices selected from 192 indices were used to build the predictive model. The ML model achieved area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.838 and 0.767 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.825–0.850, 0.752–0.781] in the training and validation datasets at the per‐slice level, and the per‐vessel level AUCs were 0.945 and 0.876 (95% CI, 0.852–0.988, 0.763–0.948) in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The nomogram showed better performance with the per‐vessel level AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, yielding 0.901(95% CI, 0.793–0.964), 86.2%, 87.9% and 84.0% in the validation dataset, respectively. There was no significant difference in the vessel distribution between good and poor thrombolysis prognosis groups (chi‐square test, p = 0.671). The energy spectrum CTV index‐based ML model achieved favorable effectiveness in predicting the outcome of vessel‐level intravenous thrombolysis. A nomogram integrating clinical factors, and risk score calculated by the developed model showed improved performance and had potential to be used as a noninvasive preoperative tool for clinicians.

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Neovascularization during venous thrombosis organization: A preliminary study

Abstract: This study shows that thrombus organization involves neovascularization and that IL-8 augments thrombus organization.

Cited by 116 publications

References 17 publications

Targeted Deletion of CCR2 Impairs Deep Vein Thombosis Resolution in a Mouse Model

Targeted Deletion of CCR2 Impairs Deep Vein Thombosis Resolution in a Mouse Model

Recanalization after acute deep vein thrombosis

Energy spectrum CT index‐based machine learning model predicts the effect of intravenous thrombolysis in lower limbs

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