Neotropical Insect Galls: Status of Knowledge and Perspectives

Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson; Coelho, Marcel Serra; Santos, Jean Carlos

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_1

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…High-altitude grasslands 'campos de altitude' are mosaics of different vegetation types with a predominance of shrub species, especially those belonging to the genus Baccharis (Asterales: Asteraceae) (Safford 1999a(Safford ,b, 2001(Safford , 2007. According to Fernandes et al (1996Fernandes et al ( , 2014a, Baccharis may be the most species-rich genus in the Neotropical Region. This statement was supported by the present study, which found Baccharis to possess 40% of galling insect species, while Tibouchina (Myrtales: Melastomataceae) possessed only 12% (see Coelho et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galling Insects of the Brazilian Páramos: Species Richness and Composition Along High-Altitude Grasslands

Coelho

Carneiro

Branco

et al. 2017

Environmental Entomology

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In this work, we investigated the factors that determine the distribution of galling insects in high-altitude grasslands, locally called 'campos de altitude' of Mantiqueira Range and tested whether 1) richness of galling insects decreases with altitude, 2) galling insect richness increases with plant richness, 3) variation in galling insect diversity is predominantly a consequence of its β component, and 4) turnover is the main mechanism driving the beta diversity of both galling insects and plants. Galling insect richness did not exhibit a negative relationship with altitude, but it did increase with plant richness. The additive partition of regional richness (γ) into its local and beta components showed that local diversity (α) of galling insects and plants was relatively low in relation to regional diversity; the β component incorporated most of the regional diversity. This pattern was also found in the multiscale analysis of the additive partition for galling insects and plants. The beta diversity of galling insects and plants was driven predominantly by the process of turnover and minimally by nesting. The results reported here point out that the spatial distribution of galling insects is best explained by historical factors, such as the distribution of genera and species of key host plants, as well as their relation to habitat, than ecological effects such as hygrothermal stress - here represented by altitude.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galling Insects of the Brazilian Páramos: Species Richness and Composition Along High-Altitude Grasslands

Coelho

Carneiro

Branco

et al. 2017

Environmental Entomology

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“…Since the end of the 1980s decade, studies on galling insects increased considerably in Brazil, mainly related to natural history and distribution (Fernandes et al, 2014). Nowadays, work is being carried out in all different regions of this country: North (e.g.…”

Section: Palavras-chavementioning

confidence: 99%

Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Goetz

Luz

Toma

et al. 2018

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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Galls are specific changes induced by insects on plant organs mainly through increases in plant cell number and/or size. Gall diversity is easy to recognize in the field because gallers are mostly species-specific, and thus each gall morphotype can be a proxy for a galling species. Insect galls are virtually unknown in Seasonal Deciduous and Semi-Deciduous forests of southern Brazil. Here, galls and host plants were surveyed between 2015 and 2017 in four forest fragments of Rio Grande do Sul State in these two vegetation types, in secondary-growth and areas under restoration. We recorded 89 gall morphotypes, with gallers belonging to Lepidoptera and Diptera, with the latter represented mainly by Cecidomyiidae. Galls were associated to 46 plant species in 27 families. Asteraceae, Piperaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae were the richest families in terms of galls, whilst Piper aduncum and Mikania glomerata were superhosts. Most galls occurred in leaves and shoots. The most common shapes were fusiform, globoid and lenticular. Forty-eight gall morphotype records are new for both Rio Grande do Sul and Brazil, an expressive number considering only two seasonal forest types sampled and few sampling points, showing how important surveys still are for these little know fauna both in taxonomic and ecological terms.

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“…The classifi cation "unknown" was given to fully Plant-arthropod interactions are important for the structure of ecosystems, because arthropods are the most diverse and abundant plant consumers and are important prey items (McIntyre, 2000;Faeth et al, 2005;Raupp et al, 2010). Plant-galling arthropods are a good model system for assessing the response to environmental changes because of their sedentary nature and high plant host specifi city (Fernandes et al, 2014), and thus are dependent on plant host quantity and quality (Cornelissen et al, 2008). A variety of organisms can induce galls, including mites, aphids, wasps and midges (Redfern et al, 2011).…”

Section: Gall Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanisation and forest size affect the infestation rates of plant-galling arthropods and damage by herbivorous insects

Meyer¹,

Rusterholz²,

Baur³

2020

Eur. J. Entomol.

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http://www.eje.cz in butterfl ies (Di Mauro et al., 2007). Martinson & Raupp (2013) reported a decrease in species richness in carabid beetles, particularly in large, predatory and poor dispersing species and those that have strict habitat requirements. However, in the same meta-analysis, Martinson & Raupp (2013) reported an overall neutral effect of urbanisation on coleopteran herbivores, but a negative effect on the tiny herbivores in this insect order. In contrast, several studies showed that urbanisation increased the abundances and infestation rates of herbivorous arthropods (Christie & Hochuli, 2005; Raupp et al., 2010). A major aspect of urbanisation is the fragmentation of natural and semi-natural habitats (Marzluff et al., 2008; Raupp et al., 2010). Some meta-analyses reveal an overall lower level of damage by herbivorous insects in fragments (Martinson & Fagan, 2014), whereas others reported a neutral effect on overall herbivory (Rossetti et al. 2017). Fragmented forests also seem to be subjected to more pronounced edge effects than other semi-natural habitats (Marzluff et al., 2008; Dale & Frank 2014). This assumption was confi rmed by several studies, which reported both a higher abundance and species richness of herbivorous arthropods and thus a higher extent of leaf damage in forest edges than in the forest interior (Christie & Hochuli, 2005; Guimarães et al., 2014).

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Neotropical Insect Galls: Status of Knowledge and Perspectives

Cited by 17 publications

References 77 publications

Galling Insects of the Brazilian Páramos: Species Richness and Composition Along High-Altitude Grasslands

Galling Insects of the Brazilian Páramos: Species Richness and Composition Along High-Altitude Grasslands

Gall-inducing insects of deciduous and semideciduous forests in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Urbanisation and forest size affect the infestation rates of plant-galling arthropods and damage by herbivorous insects

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