Neospora caninum prevalence in dogs raised under different living conditions

Nazir, Muhammad Mudasser; Maqbool, Azhar; Akhtar, Masood; Ayaz, Murat; Ahmad, Amina; Ashraf, Kamran; Ali, Asif; Alam, Muhammad Azhar; Ali, M. A.; Khalid, Abdur Rauf; Lindsay, David S.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.041

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding was in agreement with a Brazilian study which found an OR of 2.2 for lack of confinement and canine neosporosis [7]. Other studies have also reported higher NC seroprevalences in free-roaming dogs relative to other groups [20,21] while controlling for whether the dogs came from a rural, urban, or peri-urban setting. Our study was designed to control for setting in two ways: (1) in only sampling farm dogs, although some of the dogs did come from peri-urban farms around Naivasha and (2) the use of multiple variable logistic regression which is designed to examine and control for other variables, such as setting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In our study, there was a trend for seroprevalence of NC to increase with age, as reported in other studies [7,8,15,21,22], although this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The increased prevalence in older dogs may be due to their cumulative risk of exposure throughout their life relative to younger dogs thus suggesting horizontal transmission plays a major role in the epidemiology of canine neosporosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Seroepidemiological survey of Neospora caninum and its risk factors in farm dogs in Nakuru district, Kenya

et al. 2016

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Aim:The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum (NC) and its risk factors in farm dogs in Kenya.Materials and Methods:As part of a longitudinal study on dairy cattle abortion in 2010 in Kenya, serum samples were collected from 84 dogs in 53 randomly selected dairy cattle farms to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of seropositivity for NC.Results:15 (17.9%) of the dogs were seropositive to NC antibodies, and at least one seropositive dog was found in 12 (22.6%) of the 53 farms. The final multivariable logistic regression model identified free-roaming as the only factor significantly associated with seropositivity (odds ratio=4.48; p=0.03).Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate that canine neosporosis does exist in Kenya and that farmers should restrict their dogs from roaming to reduce the risk of their dogs becoming a reservoir for NC. More studies need to be carried out to determine the reproductive effects of NC on dairy cattle in Kenya.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Seroepidemiological survey of Neospora caninum and its risk factors in farm dogs in Nakuru district, Kenya

et al. 2016

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“…We didn’t test the second batch samples because of non availability of reagents for testing of N. caninum by NAT, or IFA, or cELISA in China. Compared with other countries [10-13], the prevalence of N. caninum antibody was low in East Asia [14,15]; also it is low in this study. Although a comparison of different serological tests (NAT, IFA, cELISA) for the detection of N. caninum antibodies in dogs has not been made, it is generally accepted that results by NAT and IFA are comparable because both tests assess antibodies directed against whole tachyzoites [1].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Low prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in Jilin, Henan and Anhui Provinces of the People’s Republic of China

et al. 2014

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BackgroundNeospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are important pathogens of worldwide distribution. N. caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle and dogs are main reservoirs because they excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis and dogs are considered as sentinels for this parasite because of their close contact with people and cats; additionally dog meat is also used for human consumption in China. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii infection in dogs from China. A total of 425 countryside dog hearts in Jilin, Henan and Anhui provinces of the People’s Republic of China were collected from slaughter houses in two batches; the first batch of 96 in October 2013, and the second batch of 329 in April 2014. Serum samples extracted from 96 dog hearts were tested for antibodies to N. caninum and from 425 dog hearts were tested for T. gondii antibodies in the modified agglutination tests (cut-off 1:25 for both), using respective antigens.ResultsAntibodies to N. caninum were 6 of 96 (6.25%) of dogs with titers of 1:25 in 2, 1:50 in 3, and 1:100 in 1. All seropositive dogs were more than 1 year old. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 35 of 425 (8.24%) dogs with titers of 1:25 in 15, 1:50 in 14; and 1:100 in 6.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicated low prevalence of N. caninum and T. gondii antibodies in dogs of China, compared with Europe and America. Identification of the risk factors that underlie these differences may help prevention of neosporosis and toxoplasmosis. This is the first report of N. caninum infection in dogs from China.

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“…Surprisingly, to the best of our knowledge, this study was the first serosurvey on this dog population worldwide. Despite the outdoor and free-roaming habits of neighborhood dogs, which may increase their exposure to protozoan infections (AZEVEDO et al, 2005;COLLANTES-FERNÁNDEZ et al, 2008;MOURA et al, 2009;NAZIR et al, 2014), they presented in this study a low seroprevalence for T. gondii and N. caninum compared with literature results (MEIRELES et al, 2004;SEABRA et al, 2015;VALADAS et al, 2010), which may indicate that there was a situation of low environmental oocyst contamination (MEIRELES et al, 2004). Since dogs play a secondary role in the toxoplasmosis cycle, neighborhood dogs may be considered to be true environmental sentinels for T. gondii, particularly when sharing a contaminated urban environment and contaminated food and water (MEIRELES et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since dogs play a secondary role in the toxoplasmosis cycle, neighborhood dogs may be considered to be true environmental sentinels for T. gondii, particularly when sharing a contaminated urban environment and contaminated food and water (MEIRELES et al, 2004). In contrast, as the definitive hosts of N. caninum, dogs may play an important role in spreading this disease (NAZIR et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey for Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi and Neospora caninum in neighborhood dogs in Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil

Constantino

Pellizzaro

Paula

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Neighborhood dogs may act as reservoirs for several zoonotic protozoan infections, particularly in urban areas, thus constituting a potential public health threat. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the exposure of neighborhood dogs to four protozoan pathogens in public areas with high levels of human movement in Curitiba, southern Brazil. Blood samples from 26 neighborhood dogs were screened by means of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi and Neospora caninum, and a questionnaire was answered by the respective keeper. A total of 8/26 dogs (30.7%) seroreactive to T. gondii, 3/26 (11.5%) to N. caninum and 2/26 (7.7%) to both were identified. All the samples were seronegative for T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. Pathogen seroreactivity was not associated with the daily human movements or other epidemiological variables investigated (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the low seroprevalence for T. gondii and N. caninum indicated low environmental and food risk for animal infection and the seronegativity for Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi may reflect the absence of these pathogens in urban areas of Curitiba. Moreover, neighborhood dogs may be used as environmental sentinels for the presence of protozoan pathogens and their vectors.

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Neospora caninum prevalence in dogs raised under different living conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Seroepidemiological survey of Neospora caninum and its risk factors in farm dogs in Nakuru district, Kenya

Seroepidemiological survey of Neospora caninum and its risk factors in farm dogs in Nakuru district, Kenya

Low prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in Jilin, Henan and Anhui Provinces of the People’s Republic of China

Serosurvey for Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi and Neospora caninum in neighborhood dogs in Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil

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