Neoplastic stomach lesions and their mimickers: spectrum of imaging manifestations

Abstract

This review illustrates a wide spectrum of gastric neoplasms with emphasis on imaging findings helpful in characterizing various gastric neoplasms. Both the malignant and benign neoplasms along with focal gastric masses mimicking tumour are illustrated. Moreover, imaging clues to reach an accurate diagnosis are emphasized.

Pancreatic Pseudocyst with Mediastinal Extension Presenting as Pseudo-Kirklin Sign—Multimodality Imaging

“…Gastroscopic examination remains the diagnostic method of choice and CT of the abdomen may reveal any carcinomas and help determine the invasion into adjacent tissues or the presence of spread to local lymph nodes. 8 EUS is the recommended investigation for the evaluation of pseudocysts of the pancreas because it is both therapeutic and diagnostic. Additional information such as morphology of the cyst wall, characteristics of the fluid content, presence of gastric varices, collaterals, minimal peripancreatic fluid collection, distance between the gastric lumen, and the pseudocyst wall can be obtained.…”

Gastric Cancer:Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management

“…Patient's history and gastroscopic examination is the diagnostic method [59].Upper GI series (barium roentgenogram),and computed tomography or CT scanning of the abdomen may revel gastric cancer [65].In 2013,Chinese and Israeli scientists reported a successful pilot study of a breathalyzer-style breath test indented to diagnose stomach cancer by analyzing exhaled chemicals without the need for an intrusive endoscopy [66].A biopsy with subsequent histological analysis, is the only sure way to confirm the presence of cancer cells [59].Other gastroscopic modalities such as optical coherence tomography are being tested investigationally for similar applications [67].A number of cutaneous conditions are associated with gastric cancer include tripe palms, a darkening hyperplasia of the skin of palms [68].Blood tests for tumor markers, such as CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen) and CA( carbohydrate antigen) may be ordered, as their levels correlate to extent of metastasis especially the liver, and the cure rate [69]. Gastric cancer staging: The clinical staging of gastric cancer includes: [70,71].…”

MDCT imaging of the stomach: advances and applications

“…8,9 The incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma has shown a persistent decline over years owing to various factors like global use of refrigeration and less reliance on salt for preservation and increased utilization of fresh fruits and vegetables, but it still accounts for approximately 10% of cancer-related deaths worldwide. 10 The incidence of gastric cancer is highest in East Asia, Eastern Europe and South America with the affection of males approximately twice as that compared with females.…”

“…Given the "soft" cellular characteristics, gastric outlet obstruction is less common as compared with gastric cancer. 9 The prognosis of patients varies with the histological subtype. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is usually low grade and hence has a favourable outcome with a 5-year survival of 50-60%.…”