Neoplastic diseases of the spermatic cord: an overview of pathological features, evaluation, and management

Abstract

Extracellular tumors found with the spermatic cord, known as neoplasms, are usually identified to be benign. However, the accurate and timely diagnosis of spermatic cord masses is highly crucial, especially when most results are often overlooked or unclear. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and embryology of the spermatic cord. Upon rooting these fundamental concepts, we discuss an array of benign and malignant neoplastic tumors, including their origin, pathological features, clinical evaluation and management, as well as other case-specific characteristics of unique presentation. Many of these neoplasms are based on local neurological, vascular, muscular, bone, soft tissue, or lymphatic origin, while others have metastasized from particular areas of the body.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the spermatic cord: two cases and review of the literature

“…Only a few cases of IMT have been reported in the spermatic cord. 2 Here we report two cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor involving the spermatic cord.…”

“…esenchymal neoplasms of the spermatic cord are uncommon tumors, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is one of the rarest among them. 1,2 IMT is a mass-forming disease that can be observed in any part of the body. It is commonly confused with many mass forming diseases.…”

Incidental findings in and around the prostate on prostate MRI: a pictorial review

“…Imaging features of undifferentiated sarcomas are non-specific but on MRI they tend to show heterogeneous post-contrast enhancement with diffusion restriction which may be due to necrosis or haemorrhage. They may also show calcifications inside a solid lesion [ 31 ]. Pathologically, the tumour is commonly large with haemorrhage and necrosis [ 31 ].…”

“…They may also show calcifications inside a solid lesion [ 31 ]. Pathologically, the tumour is commonly large with haemorrhage and necrosis [ 31 ]. Microscopically, pleomorphic spindle, polygonal and multinucleated giant tumour cells and atypical mitoses, myxoid and inflammatory changes are found [ 31 ].…”

“…Pathologically, the tumour is commonly large with haemorrhage and necrosis [ 31 ]. Microscopically, pleomorphic spindle, polygonal and multinucleated giant tumour cells and atypical mitoses, myxoid and inflammatory changes are found [ 31 ]. This patient underwent a left orchidectomy and wide local excision and inguinal lymph node dissection which confirmed MFH of the spermatic cord.…”