Neonicotinoids and carbendazim in indoor dust from three cities in China: Spatial and temporal variations

Response to Comments on “Urinary Metabolites of Neonicotinoid Insecticides: Levels and Recommendations for Future Biomonitoring Studies in China”

“…These results indicate that urinary 5-OH-IMI concentrations reported in our previous study may be underestimated by approximately 2-fold, and could be attributed to the differences in mass spectrometric responses of two isomeric standards . A similar error is expected in other studies that used compound #2 as the analytical standard for quantification of 5-OH-IMI. − We therefore strongly recommend that suppliers of commercial standard appropriately identify and characterize the structures and isomeric forms of analytical standards with some suggestions for exercising caution in misidentification of related isomers. We suggest that compound #1 should be made available commercially for biomonitoring of human exposure to IMI and 5-OH-IMI.…”

“…This inadvertent error in using a different isomeric form of an analytical standard emanated from an inadequately characterized standard. This analytical standard #2 was also used in several other studies by other investigators. − In order to scrutinize the issue, we received a laboratory synthesized analytical standard #1 as a gift from Nanjing Normal University. , To confirm the reliability of quantitative analysis of 5-OH-IMI (a specific metabolite of IMI) using the standard #1, we compared the results from standards #1 and #2 in the analysis of 5-OH-IMI.…”

Nationwide Biomonitoring of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Breast Milk and Health Risk Assessment to Nursing Infants in the Chinese Population

“…The statistical results showed that the elevated concentrations of ACE are fairly correlated with corresponding EDI through dietary exposure, while no significant association pertaining to the other neonic levels in breast milk and dietary exposure was found (0.05 < r < 0.33; 0.13 < p < 0.81). These results highlight the existence of other potential determinants of neonic concentrations in breast milk aside from dietary exposure, such as potential exposure through dust . Exposure routes other than diet deserve further attention in future research, and modeling studies relating the bioaccumulation of neonics to neonic exposure should be conducted.…”

“…These results highlight the existence of other potential determinants of neonic concentrations in breast milk aside from dietary exposure, such as potential exposure through dust. 44 Exposure routes other than diet deserve further attention in future research, and modeling studies relating the bioaccumulation of neonics to neonic exposure should be conducted.…”

Correction to “Urinary Metabolites of Neonicotinoid Insecticides: Levels and Recommendations for Future Biomonitoring Studies in China”

“…Furthermore, because commercial vendors around the world do not supply an analytical standard of 5-hydroxyimidacloprid (5-OH-IMI), when we analyzed those urine samples collected from China, the standard of 5-OH-IMI isomer was used for quantification of 5-OH-IMI in our original paper. This analytical standard of 5-OH-IMI isomer was also used in several other studies by other investigators. − Recently, we reanalyzed the concentrations of 5-OH-IMI in all 275 urine samples, with the custom-synthesized analytical standard of 5-OH-IMI. Herein, we redescribed some results with new data and reorganized the figures involving the urinary 5-OH-IMI concentration.…”