Neonatal Ventilation: A Brief Review

Abstract

When infants are incapable of achieving satisfactory gas exchange independently, the provision of respiratory assistance becomes imperative. For neonates exhibiting respiratory insufficiency, the utilization of mechanical ventilation plays a vital role in enhancing oxygenation and facilitating the elimination of carbon dioxide. While a majority of infants necessitate ventilation because of pulmonary issues particularly due to respiratory acidosis, there are also instances where other conditions, such as seizures, metabolic acidosis, and shock, contribute to the need for respiratory support. Each ventilation strategy is designed with the objective of bolstering the respiratory systems of infants while concurrently safeguarding both the lungs and the brain against potential damage. It is important to note that brain damage incurred is irreversible. In this concise overview, we will explore the fundamental aspects and provide an overview of ventilation, as well as touch upon a few concepts that are not commonly discussed.