Neonatal treatment with ovarian hormones and suckling among distinct litter sizes: Differential effects on recognition memory and spreading depression at adulthood

Abstract

Early treatment with OH facilitates recognition memory and CSD, and in association with unfavorable lactation (L) impaired recognition memory, but not anxiety behavior, in the adult brain. OH treatment and L lactation condition seem to interact regarding OH action on memory, but not on CSD. Data suggest a long-lasting differential effect that might be related to the lasting hormonal action on brain excitability. We postulate and discuss the possibility that these findings may be implicated in human neurological diseases.

Sub-Convulsing Dose Administration of Pilocarpine Reduces Glycemia, Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior and Decelerates Cortical Spreading Depression in Rats Suckled on Various Litter Sizes

“…The present open field findings (Figure 3) are coherent with our previously published data (Accioly and Guedes, 2017; Lima et al, 2017). In contrast, some studies reported lower anxiety-like behavior in animals suckled in large litters in comparison with the control group (Bulfin et al, 2011; Clarke et al, 2013).…”

“…Over the last three decades, our group has characterized the accelerating effect of nutritional deficiency on CSD quite well (Guedes et al, 1987; Rocha-de-Melo et al, 2006; Guedes, 2011; Francisco and Guedes, 2015; Accioly and Guedes, 2017; Lima et al, 2017). The present data (Figure 3) confirm this effect, whose underlying mechanisms are still a subject of investigation.…”

“…CSD has been linked to brain excitability disorders and its diseases such as migraine with aura (Peeters et al, 2007; Vinogradova, 2018), multiple sclerosis (Pusic et al, 2015), epilepsy (Tamaki et al, 2017), traumatic brain injury (Mayevsky et al, 1998; Hartings et al, 2009), subarachnoid hemorrhage (Dreier et al, 2006; Sugimoto et al, 2016), and malignant ischemic stroke (Woitzik et al, 2013; Pinczolits et al, 2017). CSD has been demonstrated not only in experimental animals (Guedes et al, 2017; Accioly and Guedes, 2017) but also in humans (Carlson et al, 2016; Lauritzen and Strong, 2016). CSD propagation can be facilitated under unfavorable suckling conditions (pups being suckled in large litters; Lima et al, 2017), and this can modulate the effect of other treatments (Francisco and Guedes, 2015).…”

Valeriana officinalis Counteracts Rotenone Effects on Spreading Depression in the Rat Brain in vivo and Protects Against Rotenone Cytotoxicity Toward Rat Glioma C6 Cells in vitro

“…Moreover, the combined administration of valerian plus rotenone in the same animal showed that valerian has the ability to protect the brain against the CSD velocity alterations induced by rotenone. Because ovarian hormones seem to influence CSD (Accioly et al, 2012;Accioly and Guedes, 2017), we decided to use only male rats.…”