Neonatal Sepsis by Bacteria: A Big Problem for Children

Soto, Sara M.

doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000125

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This exposure can lead to neonatal acquisition of microorganisms from the immediate environment via the umbilical cord. The higher chance of early-onset sepsis as shown in this study supports previous reports [ 3 , 7 , 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Neonatal sepsis has been divided into two types based on the time of onset: namely, early onset sepsis occurring within the first 72 hours of birth and late onset which occurs after 72 hours to 28 days. Early-onset is usually associated with acquisition of microorganisms from the mother, while late-onset sepsis is caused by bacteria from the healthcare environment [ 2 , 3 ]. At delivery, maternal genitourinary tract colonization by pathogens may precipitate transplacental infection and/or an ascending infection from the cervix as the neonate passes through the colonized birth canal [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bacteriology and Its Virulence Factors in Neonatal Infections: Threats to Child Survival Strategies

Ejiofor

Ajunwa

Ezeudu

et al. 2018

Journal of Pathogens

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Background Neonatal infection refers to the infection of the newborn during the first twenty-eight days of life. It is one of the causes of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of the study is to determine the relative contribution of the different pathogens to the overall disease burden. It will also determine the mechanisms of virulence of these pathogens that cause neonatal infections at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka. Methods Biological samples were collected from 30 neonates admitted at the special care baby unit (SCBU) of COOUTH and cultured using selective media and nutrient agar. The isolates were identified using microbiological and biochemical tests. The antibiogram study was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar. Several methods previously reported in literature were used for the characterization of the virulence factors. Results From the 30 blood samples collected, Pseudomonas spp. (19.7%), Escherichia coli (23%), Salmonella spp. (24.6%), and Staphylococcus aureus (32.8%) were isolated. Male to female ratio of study population was 1.5: 1. The isolates were 100 % resistant to ticarcillin, cephalothin, ceftazidime, and cefuroxime but appreciably susceptible to only levofloxacin (88.85%). They were moderately susceptible to ceftriaxone/sulbactam (39.05%) and azithromycin (26.46%). Common virulence factors identified among the isolates (up to 90 %) were hemolysin, biofilm formation, and acid resistance. Less common virulence factors were proteases (50 %), deoxyribonucleases (50 %), enterotoxins (63%), and lipopolysaccharide (70%). The virulence factors were found mostly among the S. aureus isolates. Conclusions Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were implicated in neonatal infections in the center and most of them were resistant to conventional antibiotics. The organisms showed marked virulence and multidrug resistance properties. Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, had superior activity on the isolates compared to other antibiotics used in the study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacteriology and Its Virulence Factors in Neonatal Infections: Threats to Child Survival Strategies

Ejiofor

Ajunwa

Ezeudu

et al. 2018

Journal of Pathogens

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“…1/1000 in term neonates and 4/1000 in preterm neonates. 4 Early diagnosis of NS is primarily based on clinical presentation, while laboratory diagnosis mainly depends on blood cultures. The definitive diagnosis of NS on the basis of blood cultures takes at least 36 hours, which is quiet time consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of Immature-to-Total Neutrophil Ratio in Neonatal Sepsis

Husnain

Hussain

Khan

et al. 2019

JIMDC

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Background: Neonatal sepsis is the third most common reason of neonatal mortality in Pakistan. Blood culture, the gold standard test for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis (NS), is time consuming. Therefore, rapid diagnostic tests with good specificity and sensitivity is needed for accurate and early diagnosis of this condition. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of abnormal (≥ 0.2) immature-to-total-neutrophil ratio in neonatal sepsis. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 288 neonates, aged 0-28 days, admitted with suspected sepsis. Detailed history of the neonates was recorded including gender, age, birth weight, maternal age, gestational age and clinical features. Blood culture and Peripheral blood films were done in each case. Differential leucocyte counts, total Polymorphoneutrophil count (PMN), immature neutrophil count, mature neutrophil count and calculation of I/T ratio was carried out in the Pathology Department of PIMS, Islamabad. The study outcome was divided into three groups on the basis of positive or negative blood culture and I/T ratio as normal, probable sepsis and proven sepsis group. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Diagnostic value of I/T ratio was determined in NS by calculating values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) by considering the blood culture as the gold standard test of NS. Results: The mean age and weight of the neonates at the time of admission was 1.1 (± 0.6) days and 2.51 (± 0.40) kg, respectively. About 60% of the neonates were males and 118(41%) neonates had I/T ratio of ≥ 0.2. On the basis of positive or negative blood culture and I/T ratio, 82 (28.5%) neonates were diagnosed as proven sepsis, 43 (14.9%) neonates had probable sepsis and remaining 163 (56.6%) neonates were declared as normal. Out of 82 neonates with positive blood cultures, 75 (91.5%) had I/T ratio ≥ 0.2, while 7 (8.5%) had I/T ratio ≤ 0.2. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of abnormal I/T ratio to diagnose neonatal sepsis was 91%, 79%, 64%, 96% and 83%, respectively. Conclusions: Due to substantially high diagnostic accuracy of I/T ratio ≥ 0.2, we recommend it as a useful, rapid and cost-effective tool in accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

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Neonatal Septicemia: Still a Problem to Resolve

Taks¹

2016

J Prev Inf Cntrl

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Neonatal Sepsis by Bacteria: A Big Problem for Children

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

The Bacteriology and Its Virulence Factors in Neonatal Infections: Threats to Child Survival Strategies

The Bacteriology and Its Virulence Factors in Neonatal Infections: Threats to Child Survival Strategies

Diagnostic Value of Immature-to-Total Neutrophil Ratio in Neonatal Sepsis

Neonatal Septicemia: Still a Problem to Resolve

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