Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome revealing a cervical bronchogenic cyst: a case report

Abstract

BackgroundBronchogenic cyst is a congenital malformation, rarely located in the cervical region and almost never involved in a neonate with acute respiratory distress in the delivery room.Case presentationA female newborn with respiratory distress syndrome caused by a large left cervical mass. Intubation was difficult due to tracheal deviation. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a left cervical cyst displacing the trachea and esophagus laterally. Surgical excision was performed via a cervical approach on the 5th day, and pathological examination revealed a bronchogenic cyst. The patient's course was complicated by left vocal cord paralysis and necrotic lesions in the glottic and subglottic regions; she required a tracheostomy on the 13th day. Inflammatory stenosis in the subglottic region required balloon dilation once, 20 days later. Proximal esophageal stenosis induced transient upper airway obstruction with salivary stasis. Decannulation was performed at 2 months and the patient was discharged 10 days later.ConclusionA bronchogenic cyst can exceptionally obstruct the airways in the neonatal period. Surgical excision is necessary, but postoperative complications may occur if the cyst is in close contact with the trachea and esophagus, including necrotic and stenotic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract. In those situations, tracheostomy may be necessary for mechanical ventilation weaning and the initiation of oral feeding.

A Case Report of Esophageal Bronchogenic Cyst and Review of the Literature With an Emphasis on Endoscopic Ultrasonography Appearance

“…Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformation originated from the development of ventral foregut, and mostly located in the middle and superior mediastinum. 1 They more frequently situated in close relation to tracheobronchial tree or lung parenchyma with or without a well-defined borderline. 2 , 3 Although these lesions are often benign, bronchogenic cysts can also cause symptoms such as chest pain, cough, dysphagia, and dyspnea via compression of the surrounding structures.…”

Infected mediastinal bronchogenic cyst successfully treated by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration drainage through the esophagus

“…). The patient remained asymptomatic during a 4‐year follow‐up period.Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations originating from the development of the ventral foregut, and are mostly located in the middle and superior mediastinum . Surgical removal is the main treatment of symptomatic or infected cysts .…”

Bronchogenic Cyst: A Rare Cause of Respiratory Distress in Neonate - A Case Report

“…They may occur at paratracheal areas, above the tracheal bifurcation, at the level of carina, paraesophageal area, hilar (in which the cyst is attached to one of the main bronchi), suprasternal notch and may rarely from lobar bronchi. Rarely when buds detach and migrate to ectopic sites, cyst may be found in cervical, scapular region, pericardial and abdominal [5][6][7].…”