Neonatal mice do not have increased sensitivity to induction of squamous cell carcinomas

Lerche, Catharina M.; Poulsen, Thomas; Wulf, Hans Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00629.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Standard erythema dose (SED) was suggested to be used as a standardized measure of erythemogenic UV radiation . In this consensus document MED was recommended to be reserved for clinical and experimental studies in humans and animals as a measure of individual sensitivity to UVR . SED does not address, however, the scenario seen in some mice where a substantial part of the skin's response to UVB is oedema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitivity of murine skin greatly depends on the genetic background: clinically relevant dose as a new measure to replace minimal erythema dose in mouse studies

Gyöngyösi

Lőrincz

Keszeg

et al. 2016

Experimental Dermatology

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Artificial UV irradiation of murine skin is a frequently used method for testing photosensitivity, study carcinogenesis and photoprotective effects of different compounds. However, doses of UV radiation and mouse strains used in experiments vary greatly. The genetic background of mice may influence the photosensitivity as melanin content, pigmentation and hair cycle parameters are dissimilar. Doses of UV are often expressed in relation to the minimal erythema dose (MED) that was not necessarily determined for the given strain. We set out to standardize the method of measuring photosensitivity in three commonly used mouse strains, C57BL/6N, Balb/c and SKH-1. We found that MED may not be determined for some strains as erythema development in mice with diverse genotypes differs greatly. We measured the oedema response in vivo and ex vivo by using OCT. Given the strain-specific variability of erythema, we introduced Clinically Relevant Dose (CRD) as a new term to replace MED in experiments, to describe the lowest dose that triggers a perceptible skin reaction in mice. Not only the CRD but the proportion of erythema and oedema were different in strains examined. C57BL/6N mice display skin reactions at the lowest UVB dose, while SKH-1 hairless mice show changes, mostly oedema, after higher doses of UVB. The cellular composition and skin thickness were examined by histopathology. IL-1beta and IL-6 levels in skin correlated with the increasing doses of UVB. Despite the variations in the degree of erythema and oedema, no major differences in cytokine expressions were seen among various strains of mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitivity of murine skin greatly depends on the genetic background: clinically relevant dose as a new measure to replace minimal erythema dose in mouse studies

Gyöngyösi

Lőrincz

Keszeg

et al. 2016

Experimental Dermatology

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“…Sunlight is the most important carcinogen for non-melanoma skin cancer, and especially squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), due to the cumulative effect of long-term ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in both humans and mice [ 1 , 2 ]. UVR exposure pattern differs among e.g., rural and urban children [ 3 , 4 ], occupations and outdoor sports activities [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UVR Exposure Pattern on Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Dose–Delivery and Dose–Response Study in Pigmented Hairless Mice

Lerche

Togsverd‐Bo

Philipsen

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Cumulative lifetime ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important factor in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. This study examines the impact of UVR exposure pattern on tumor development. Hairless C3.Cg/TifBomTac immunocompetent pigmented mice (n = 351) were irradiated with 12 standard erythema doses (SED)/week, given as 2 SED ×6, 3 SED ×4, 4 SED ×3, or 6 SED ×2 (dose–delivery study) or 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2, 3 or 4 SED ×3/week (dose–response study). All mice were irradiated until development of 3 tumors of 4 mm each. Pigmentation was measured once monthly. In the dose–delivery study, the median time until tumor development was independent of dose fractions. In the dose–response study, higher UVR doses resulted in faster tumor appearance. When the weekly UVR dose was decreased from 12 to 6 SED, the cumulative UVR dose needed for tumor development was reduced by 40%. In conclusion, delivery schedules of a fixed weekly UVR dose did not affect tumor development. When using different weekly UVR doses, longer time to tumor development was observed using lower UVR doses. Lower weekly UVR doses however resulted in lower cumulative UVR doses to induce tumors in hairless pigmented mice.

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X-rays and photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice

2013

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It is well known that excessive X-ray radiation can cause non-melanoma skin cancers. With the increased incidence of sun-related skin cancer there is a need to investigate the combination of sunlight and X-rays. Immunocompetent C3.Cg/TifBomTac mice (n = 298) were divided into 12 groups. Mice were irradiated with 12, 29 or 50 kV X-rays. The mice received a total dose of 45 Gy. They were irradiated with 3 SED simulated solar radiation (SSR) either before or after irradiation with X-rays. The groups irradiated with X-rays alone, 0, 3, 9 and 10 mice (0, 12, 29 and 50 kV, respectively) developed squamous cell carcinoma. In the groups irradiated with SSR after X-rays the development of tumours was significantly faster in the 50 kV group than in the corresponding control group (175 vs. 194 days, p < 0.001). In the groups irradiated with SSR prior to the X-ray radiation the development of tumours was significantly faster in the 29 and the 50 kV groups than in the corresponding control group (175 vs. 202 days, p < 0.001 and 158 vs. 202 days, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, X-ray radiation alone is a weak carcinogen in hairless mice. There is an added carcinogenic effect if X-ray radiation is given on prior sun-exposed skin or if the skin is sun-exposed after X-rays. We still believe that X-ray radiation is a safe and effective therapy for various dermatological diseases but caution should be observed if a patient has severely sun-damaged skin or has a high-risk sun behaviour.

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Neonatal mice do not have increased sensitivity to induction of squamous cell carcinomas

Abstract: In conclusion, this study does not indicate increased sensitivity to induction of SCC early in life.

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Photosensitivity of murine skin greatly depends on the genetic background: clinically relevant dose as a new measure to replace minimal erythema dose in mouse studies

Photosensitivity of murine skin greatly depends on the genetic background: clinically relevant dose as a new measure to replace minimal erythema dose in mouse studies

Impact of UVR Exposure Pattern on Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Dose–Delivery and Dose–Response Study in Pigmented Hairless Mice

X-rays and photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice

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