Neonatal levels of cytokines and risk of autism spectrum disorders: An exploratory register-based historic birth cohort study utilizing the Danish Newborn Screening Biobank

Abdallah, Morsi; Larsen, Nanna; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Atladóttir, Hjördís Ósk; Nørgaard‐Pedersen, Bent; Bonefeld-Jörgensen, Eva Cecilie; Grove, Jakob; Hougaard, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.013

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…A related study by the same team supported these findings using PHAstimulated PBMCs, and correlated a Th1-like response with greater impairments and behavior aberrancies and a Th2-like response to better cognitive and adaptive function (Ashwood et al, 2011b). In contrast to most of the above studies, a 2012 report using dried blood samples suggested that children with ASD had lower levels of both Th1-like and Th2-like cytokines (Abdallah et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Immune Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Meltzer

Water

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

367

293

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social skills as well as repetitive and stereotypical behaviors. While much effort has focused on the identification of genes associated with autism, research emerging within the past two decades suggests that immune dysfunction is a viable risk factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Further, it is the heterogeneity within this disorder that has brought to light much of the current thinking regarding the subphenotypes within ASD and how the immune system is associated with these distinctions. This review will focus on the two main axes of immune involvement in ASD, namely dysfunction in the prenatal and postnatal periods. During gestation, prenatal insults including maternal infection and subsequent immunological activation may increase the risk of autism in the child. Similarly, the presence of maternally derived anti-brain autoantibodies found in~20% of mothers whose children are at risk for developing autism has defined an additional subphenotype of ASD. The postnatal environment, on the other hand, is characterized by related but distinct profiles of immune dysregulation, inflammation, and endogenous autoantibodies that all persist within the affected individual. Further definition of the role of immune dysregulation in ASD thus necessitates a deeper understanding of the interaction between both maternal and child immune systems, and the role they have in diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Immune Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Meltzer

Water

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

367

293

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“…204 Significantly altered adaptive cellular immune function in children with ASD may reflect defective immune activation, which may in turn be associated with ASD impairment. 203 Also, no significant differences have been reported for levels of certain chemokines in neonatal blood and amniotic fluid, 201,205 except in a subgroup with an ASD diagnosis based on the most recent diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Brain Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors associated with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review for the years 2003–2013

Montigny

Ofner

et al. 2017

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

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Introduction: The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been rapidly rising in the past decade. The etiology of this disorder, however, is largely unknown, although the environmental relative to the genetic contribution is substantial. We conducted a scoping review to comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the environmental factors present from preconception to early life associated with ASD, and to identify research gaps.

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“…To examine the association between ASD and infections, 1 case-control study was performed using data and blood samples from the Danish historic birth cohort (HBC) [24]. They analyzed 4 predefined time periods to compare groups: (1) infections during pregnancy; (2) infections during the first month after birth; (3) infections during the first year after birth; (4) infections until the end of follow-up.…”

Section: Infections During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All antigens tested were significantly increased in ASD, p < 0.001. [24] To investigate the association between infection and ASD during 4 pre-defined time periods utilizing a Danish historic birth cohort (HBC)…”

Section: Infections During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Pathogen Infections and Immune Response in Autism

Abib

Gaman

Dargél

et al. 2018

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Background/Aims: Perinatal exposure to infections during critical developmental periods is a promising area of study in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Epidemiological data has highlighted this relationship, pointing out significant correlations between perinatal exposure to pathogens and the occurrence of ASD. The aim of this review is to critically examine the present state of the art on intracellular pathogenic infection during pregnancy and postnatally, pointing out possible correlations with the development of ASD. Methods: We reviewed and collected studies concerning potential associations between intracellular pathogens like viral, bacterial, and parasite infection and the risk of ASD. Results: We included 14 publications, considering bacterial and/or viral infection that demonstrated the potential to trigger ASD. Nine case-control studies were included and 5 of them reported an association between infections and ASD. One of the 2 cohorts investigated demonstrated that maternal infection increased the risk of ASD in the offspring. Three cross-sectional studies demonstrated that ASD patients presented with chronic infections and active neuroinflammatory processes. Most of the reports suggest inflammatory response as a common factor, and interleukin 6 appears to be a key-player in this process. Conclusion: The immune responses generated by organisms that cause perinatal maternal infection, i.e., bacteria, viruses, or parasites, have been associated with the development of autism in offspring. Physiological changes transmitted from the mother during chronic or acute inflammation should be further investigated so that modulatory preventive measures can be developed.

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Neonatal levels of cytokines and risk of autism spectrum disorders: An exploratory register-based historic birth cohort study utilizing the Danish Newborn Screening Biobank

Cited by 82 publications

References 45 publications

The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Environmental factors associated with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review for the years 2003–2013

Intracellular Pathogen Infections and Immune Response in Autism

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