Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path?

Nunez, Natalia; Réot, Louis; Menu, Elisabeth

doi:10.3390/vaccines9060584

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Given that microbiota plays an important role in shaping the immune responses ( 58 ) and that many factors may be responsible for variation in microbiota composition, such as food or exposure to pathogens ( 59 ), we sought to assess microbiota composition before and after SARS-CoV-2-neonate NHP exposure, and determine whether we could identify virus-specific bacteria profiles. In adult macaques and humans, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a transient variation in gut microbiota composition and inflammatory profile ( 60 , 61 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study to Dissect Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in a Neonate Nonhuman Primate Model

et al. 2022

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Most children are less severely affected by coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) than adults, and thus more difficult to study progressively. Here, we provide a neonatal nonhuman primate (NHP) deep analysis of early immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in blood and mucosal tissues. In addition, we provide a comparison with SARS-CoV-2-infected adult NHP. Infection of the neonate resulted in a mild disease compared with adult NHPs that develop, in most cases, moderate lung lesions. In concomitance with the viral RNA load increase, we observed the development of an early innate response in the blood, as demonstrated by RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and cytokine longitudinal data analyses. This response included the presence of an antiviral type-I IFN gene signature, a persistent and lasting NKT cell population, a balanced peripheral and mucosal IFN-γ/IL-10 cytokine response, and an increase in B cells that was accompanied with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Viral kinetics and immune responses coincided with changes in the microbiota profile composition in the pharyngeal and rectal mucosae. In the mother, viral RNA loads were close to the quantification limit, despite the very close contact with SARS-CoV-2-exposed neonate. This pilot study demonstrates that neonatal NHPs are a relevant model for pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection, permitting insights into the early steps of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study to Dissect Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in a Neonate Nonhuman Primate Model

et al. 2022

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“…NHPs provide a vital model for research on reproduction, prenatal development, and people's health owing to their remarkably similar reproductive endocrinology and biology. NHPs are currently used to study an array of reproductive biological characteristics including placental dysfunction due to environmental influences, preterm labor triggers such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, and fetal development or birth defects due to pathogens such as Zika virus [44–46, 55, 138]. Recent expansion of the use of genome editing, such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas 9, has created new opportunities to understand the role of genes in both normal physiological events and during a pathological state [139].…”

Section: Advantages Of Nhp Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-human primate models for understanding the impact of the microbiome on pregnancy and the female reproductive tract

Hugon

Golos

2023

Biology of Reproduction

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The microbiome has been demonstrated or implicated to be involved in multiple facets of human health and disease, including not only gastrointestinal health, but metabolism, immunity, and neurology. While the predominant focus of microbiome research has been on the gut, other microbial communities such as the vaginal or oral microbiome are likely involved in physiological homeostasis. Emerging studies also aim to understand the role of different microbial niches, such as the endometrial or placental microbial communities, on the physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction, including their impact on reproductive success and the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). The study of the microbiome during pregnancy, specifically how changes in maternal microbial communities can lead to dysfunction and disease, can advance the understanding of reproductive health and the etiology of APOs. In this review we will discuss the current state of non-human primate (NHP) reproductive microbiome research, highlight the progress with NHP models of reproduction, and the diagnostic potential of microbial alterations in a clinical setting to promote pregnancy health. NHP reproductive biology studies have the potential to expand knowledge and understanding of female reproductive tract (FRT) microbial communities and host-microbe or microbe-microbe interactions associated with reproductive health through sequencing and analysis. Furthermore, in this review we aim to demonstrate that macaques are uniquely suited as high-fidelity models of human female reproductive pathology.

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“…However, a breastfed baby is estimated to consume 10 5 to 10 7 bacteria each day [ 103 ]. Suggested biological functions for the milk microbiome include inoculation of the neonatal gut, activation of mammary immune systems and cells [ 58 ], and stimulation of the developing neonatal immune system [ 104 ]. Another potential function is to develop immune tolerance in the neonate to commensal and symbiotic maternal microbes.…”

Section: Links Between Microbiomes Life Stage and Reproductive Status In Males And Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between reproductive biology and microbiomes in wild animal species

et al. 2021

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Many parts of the animal body harbor microbial communities, known as animal-associated microbiomes, that affect the regulation of physiological functions. Studies in human and animal models have demonstrated that the reproductive biology and such microbiomes also interact. However, this concept is poorly studied in wild animal species and little is known about the implications to fertility, parental/offspring health, and survival in natural habitats. The objective of this review is to (1) specify the interactions between animals’ reproductive biology, including reproductive signaling, pregnancy, and offspring development, and their microbiomes, with an emphasis on wild species and (2) identify important research gaps as well as areas for further studies. While microbiomes present in the reproductive tract play the most direct role, other bodily microbiomes may also contribute to facilitating reproduction. In fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, endogenous processes related to the host physiology and behavior (visual and olfactory reproductive signals, copulation) can both influence and be influenced by the structure and function of microbial communities. In addition, exposures to maternal microbiomes in mammals (through vagina, skin, and milk) shape the offspring microbiomes, which, in turn, affects health later in life. Importantly, for all wild animal species, host-associated microbiomes are also influenced by environmental variations. There is still limited literature on wild animals compared to the large body of research on model species and humans. However, the few studies in wild species clearly highlight the necessity of increased research in rare and endangered animals to optimize conservation efforts in situ and ex situ. Thus, the link between microbiomes and reproduction is an emerging and critical component in wild animal conservation.

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Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path?

Cited by 22 publications

References 199 publications

A Case Study to Dissect Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in a Neonate Nonhuman Primate Model

A Case Study to Dissect Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in a Neonate Nonhuman Primate Model

Non-human primate models for understanding the impact of the microbiome on pregnancy and the female reproductive tract

Interactions between reproductive biology and microbiomes in wild animal species

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