Neonatal handling reduces the number of cells in the locus coeruleus of rats.

Lucion, Aldo Bolten; Pereira, Francine Martins; Winkelman, Elisa C.; Sanvitto, Gilberto Luiz; Anselmo-Franci, Janete Aparecida

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.117.5.894

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, lesion of the LC in the morning of proestrus decreased the noradrenaline content in the MPOA and medial basal hypothalamus and blocked the preovulatory surge of LH and FSH and ovulation (Anselmo-Franci et al 1997). Previous studies showed that neonatal handling increases the expression of the adrenergic 2 inhibitory autoreceptors in the LC in male rats (Liu et al 2000) and induces a stable reduction in the number of cells in that noradrenergic nucleus in male and female rats (Lucion et al 2003). These changes in the LC could have diminished the stimulatory effect of LC on the hypothalamus and consequently reduced the LHRH surge in the proestrus afternoon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal handling and reproductive function in female rats

Gomes¹,

Raineki²,

Paula³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

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Neonatal handling induces anovulatory estrous cycles and decreases sexual receptivity in female rats. The synchronous secretion of hormones from the gonads (estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone (P)), pituitary (luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones) and hypothalamus (LH-releasing hormone (LHRH)) are essential for the reproductive functions in female rats. The present study aimed to describe the plasma levels of E 2 and P throughout the estrous cycle and LH, FSH and prolactin (PRL) in the afternoon of the proestrus, and the LHRH content in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), median eminence (ME) and medial septal area (MSA) in the proestrus, in the neonatal handled rats. Wistar pup rats were handled for 1 min during the first 10 days after delivery (neonatal handled group) or left undisturbed (nonhandled group). When they reached adulthood, blood samples were collected through a jugular cannula and the MPOA, ME and MSA were microdissected. Plasma levels of the hormones and the content of LHRH were determined by RIA. The number of oocytes counted in the morning of the estrus day in the handled rats was significantly lower than in the nonhandled ones. Neonatal handling reduces E 2 levels only on the proestrus day while P levels decreased in metestrus and estrus. Handled females also showed reduced plasma levels of LH, FSH and PRL in the afternoon of the proestrus. The LHRH content in the MPOA was significantly higher than in the nonhandled group. The reduced secretion of E 2 , LH, FSH and LHRH on the proestrus day may explain the anovulatory estrous cycle in neonatal handled rats. The reduced secretion of PRL in the proestrus may be related to the decreased sexual receptiveness in handled females. In conclusion, early-life environmental stimulation can induce long-lasting effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal handling and reproductive function in female rats

Gomes¹,

Raineki²,

Paula³

et al. 2005

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…This apparently harmless procedure in infancy reduces fear in novel environments (5-7) and the secretion of corticosterone, adrenocorticotrophin and prolactin in response to stressors in adulthood (4)(5)(6). Furthermore, preliminary results from our laboratory showed that neonatal manipulation reduced the number of neurons in the medial amygdala, the prefrontal cortex (8) and the locus coeruleus (9), and decreased the number of somatostatinergic neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (10). These results suggest that neonatal handling can induce morphological changes in brain areas that could be the cause for the reduced stress responsiveness observed in adult animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Neonatal handling and the expression of immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase in the hypothalamus of adult male rats

Hermel

Severino

Cecconello

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Neonatal handling has long-lasting effects on behavior and stress reactivity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of neonatal handling on the number of dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei of adult male rats as part of a series of studies that could explain the long-lasting effects of neonatal stimulation. Two groups of Wistar rats were studied: nonhandled (pups were left undisturbed, control) and handled (pups were handled for 1 min once a day during the first 10 days of life). At 75-80 days, the males were anesthetized and the brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. An anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibody and the avidin-biotinperoxidase method were used. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) neurons were counted bilaterally in the arcuate, paraventricular and periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus in 30-µm sections at 120-µm intervals. Neonatal handling did not change the number of TH-IR neurons in the arcuate (1021 ± 206, N = 6; 1020 ± 150, N = 6; nonhandled and handled, respectively), paraventricular (584 ± 85, N = 8; 682 ± 62, N = 9) or periventricular (743 ± 118, N = 7; 990 ± 158, N = 7) nuclei of the hypothalamus. The absence of an effect on the number of dopaminergic cells in the hypothalamus indicates that the reduction in the amount of neurons induced by neonatal handling, as shown by other studies, is not a general phenomenon in the brain. Environmental stimuli during the neonatal period have lasting effects on emotional behavior and reactivity to stress in adult animals (1,2). Neonatal handling has been used as an experimental model to examine the mechanisms by which early environmental changes could affect neural systems, leading to stable behavioral and neuroendocrine changes (3-6). This apparently harmless procedure in infancy reduces fear in novel environments (5-7) and the secretion of corticosterone, adrenocorticotrophin and prolactin in response to stressors in adulthood (4-6). Furthermore, preliminary results from our laboratory showed that neonatal manipulation reduced the number of neurons in the medial amygdala, the prefrontal cortex (8) and the locus coeruleus (9), and decreased the number of somatostatinergic neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus

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“…Handling increases pup vocalizations, which have, in turn, been associated with increased maternal licking. 38 Lucion et al, 39 Gomes et al, 40 Severino et al 41 and others were the first to demonstrate that neonatal stress alters reproductive mechanisms in the adult life. Lucion et al 39 demonstrated that neonatal handling reduces the number of cells in the locus coeruleus of rats in about 35%.…”

Section: Pre-clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeitos da depressão materna no desenvolvimento neurobiológico e psicológico da criança

Motta¹,

Lucion²,

Manfro

2005

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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Vários estudos recentes têm demonstrado a repercussão da privação materna no desenvolvimento neurobiológico e psicológico da criança. A depressão pós-parto, quando persistente, pode favorecer a ocorrência de situações de negligência e abuso infantil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar estudos publicados a partir de 1988 que demonstrem alterações no desenvolvimento neurológico, endócrino, mental e comportamental de crianças cujas mães tiveram depressão pós-parto. A importância do meio ambiente inicial foi revisada em estudos pré-clínicos com mamíferos não-humanos, demonstrando que, quando há privação ou estresse no início do desenvolvimento, ocorrem alterações persistentes em estruturas encefálicas, em secreções neuro-hormonais e na densidade de receptores específicos. Também serão descritos alguns aportes teóricos sobre a importância da relação mãe-bebê concordantes com os achados experimentais.

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Neonatal handling reduces the number of cells in the locus coeruleus of rats.

Cited by 41 publications

References 85 publications

Neonatal handling and reproductive function in female rats

Neonatal handling and reproductive function in female rats

Neonatal handling and the expression of immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase in the hypothalamus of adult male rats

Efeitos da depressão materna no desenvolvimento neurobiológico e psicológico da criança

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