Neonatal frontal lesion in unilateral hemisphere enhances the development of the intact higher motor cortex in the rat

Fujimura, Koichi; Koga, Eiko; Baba, Shirō

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)04116-1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…By using a pair of transsynaptic neuronal tracers, PRV-152-EGFP and 614-mRFP,27 the neuronal pathways between the motor cortex and their peripheral targets were retrogradely labeled. Although there is some evidence of that the rostral forelimb area of the intact hemisphere in rats with neonatal cortical lesion is preferentially developed rather than the caudal forelimb area for the ipsilateral forelimb control,28 our PRV tracing results suggested a wide increased neuronal connection from both rostral forelimb area and caudal forelimb area of the intact hemisphere after stroke in adult rats. Furthermore, the enhancement of neuronal reorganization induced by BMSC treatment more likely occurred in the caudal forelimb area.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Contralesional Axonal Remodeling of the Corticospinal System in Adult Rats After Stroke and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Treatment

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2008

Stroke

106

116

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Background and Purpose-Motor recovery after stroke is associated with neuronal reorganization in bilateral hemispheres. We investigated contralesional corticospinal tract remodeling in the brain and spinal cord in rats after stroke and treatment of bone marrow stromal cells. Methods-Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to permanent right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Phosphate-buffered saline or bone marrow stromal cells were injected into a tail vein 1 day postischemia. An adhesive removal test was performed weekly to monitor functional recovery. Threshold currents of intracortical microstimulation on the left motor cortex for evoking bilateral forelimb movements were measured 6 weeks after stroke. When intracortical microstimulation was completed, biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the left motor cortex to anterogradely label the corticospinal tract. At 4 days before euthanization, pseudorabies virus-152-EGFP and 614-mRFP were injected into left or right forelimb extensor muscles, respectively. All animals were euthanized 8 weeks after stroke. Results-In normal rats (nϭ5), the corticospinal tract showed a unilateral innervation pattern. In middle cerebral artery occlusion rats (nϭ8), our data demonstrated that: 1) stroke reduced the stimulation threshold evoking ipsilateral forelimb movement; 2) EGFP-positive pyramidal neurons were increased in the left intact cortex, which were labeled from the left stroke-impaired forelimb; and 3) biotinylated dextran amine-labeled contralesional axons sprouted into the denervated spinal cord. Bone marrow stromal cells significantly enhanced all 3 responses (nϭ8, PϽ0.05). Conclusions-Our data demonstrated that corticospinal tract fibers originating from the contralesional motor cortex sprout into the denervated spinal cord after stroke and bone marrow stromal cells treatment, which may contribute to functional recovery.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Contralesional Axonal Remodeling of the Corticospinal System in Adult Rats After Stroke and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Treatment

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2008

Stroke

106

116

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“…For these patients a functional shift, so that the unlesioned hemisphere controlled both sides of the body, was observed. Similar observations were made in neonatally operated animals, accompanied by an anatomical reorganization of the descending, spared corticospinal tract (CST) which involved fibres recrossing the midline, as well as the sprouting of pre-existing ipsilateral CST fibres (Kartje-Tillotson et al, 1987;Rouiller et al, 1991;Fujimura et al, 2003;Umeda and Isa, 2011). In adult stroke patients, abnormal activation of contralesional cortical areas was sometimes correlated with poor outcomes (Murase et al, 2004;Nowak et al, 2009), but due to recent high resolution imaging and stimulation techniques, more and more studies describe a correlation between functional recovery and somatotopic reorganization of the unlesioned hemisphere (Chollet et al, 1991;Johansen-Berg et al, 2002;Schaechter and Perdue, 2008;Bestmann et al, 2010;Stoeckel and Binkofski, 2010;Rehme et al, 2011;Grefkes and Ward, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Rewiring of the corticospinal tract in the adult rat after unilateral stroke and anti-Nogo-A therapy

Lindau

Bänninger

Gullo

et al. 2013

Brain

143

133

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Adult Long Evans rats received a photothrombotic stroke that destroyed >90% of the sensorimotor cortex unilaterally; they were subsequently treated intrathecally for 2 weeks with a function blocking antibody against the neurite growth inhibitory central nervous system protein Nogo-A. Fine motor control of skilled forelimb grasping improved to 65% of intact baseline performance in the anti-Nogo-A treated rats, whereas control antibody treated animals recovered to only 20% of baseline scores. Bilateral retrograde tract tracing with two different tracers from the intact and the denervated side of the cervical spinal cord, at different time points post-lesion, indicated that the intact corticospinal tract had extensively sprouted across the midline into the denervated spinal hemicord. The original axonal arbours of corticospinal tract fibres that had recrossed the midline were subsequently withdrawn, leading to a complete side-switch in the projection of a subpopulation of contralesional corticospinal tract axons. Anterograde tracing from the contralesional cortex showed a 2-3-fold increase of midline crossing fibres and additionally a massive sprouting of the pre-existing ipsilateral ventral corticospinal tract fibres throughout the entire cervical enlargement of the anti-Nogo-A antibody-treated rats compared to the control group. The laminar distribution pattern of the ipsilaterally projecting corticospinal tract fibres was similar to that in the intact spinal cord. These plastic changes were paralleled by a somatotopic reorganization of the contralesional motor cortex where the formation of an ipsilaterally projecting forelimb area was observed. Intracortical microstimulation of the contralesional motor cortex revealed that low threshold currents evoked ipsilateral movements and electromyography responses at frequent cortical sites in the anti-Nogo-A, but not in the control antibody-treated animals. Subsequent transection of the spared corticospinal tract in chronically recovered animals, treated with anti-Nogo-A, led to a reappearance of the initial lesion deficit observed after the stroke lesion. These results demonstrate a somatotopic side switch anatomically and functionally in the projection of adult corticospinal neurons, induced by the destruction of one sensorimotor cortex and the neutralization of the CNS growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A.

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Neonatal frontal lesion in unilateral hemisphere enhances the development of the intact higher motor cortex in the rat

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Contralesional Axonal Remodeling of the Corticospinal System in Adult Rats After Stroke and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Treatment

Contralesional Axonal Remodeling of the Corticospinal System in Adult Rats After Stroke and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Treatment

Rewiring of the corticospinal tract in the adult rat after unilateral stroke and anti-Nogo-A therapy

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