Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Naylor, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1016/b978-141603591-6.10021-1

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The current study demonstrated the presence of STEC-ETEC hybrid among E. coli isolates and strongly suggested that this strain might contribute in the diarrhea in neonatal calves and pose a potential public health threat in Egypt. Diseased calves showed various degrees of diarrhea based on their mental and hydration status (Naylor, 2002;Radostits et al, 2007). Mild diarrheic calves were able to stand without assistance and had good suckling affinity while moderately diarrheic ones were admitted in sternal recumbency, lethargic and weak suckling affinity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thorough clinical examination was conducted according to Radostits et al (2007). The severity of diarrhea was assessed according to Naylor (2002). Special focus has been directed towards skin elasticity and mental state of the diarrheic neonatal calves through suckling affinity and calf demeanor.…”

Section: Animals and Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a major cause of economic loss (Uhde et al, 2008;Bartels et al, 2010;Cho and Yoon, 2014) due to inefficient feed conversion, reduced live body weight, delay marketing, costly preventive and therapeutic program, deaths, loss of genetic material for herd improvement and decrease in the number of neonates for herd replacement and expansion (Uhde et al, 2008;Bartels et al, 2010;Cho and Yoon, 2014). Diarrhea is a complex syndrome as it involves interaction between environmental, nutritional factors and infectious agents (Naylor, 2002). Several enteropathogens have been incriminated in calf diarrhea including E. coli, Salmonella, Clostridium, bovine coronavirus, bovine rotavirus group A, bovine viral diarrhea virus and cryptosporidium species (Kelling et al, 2002;Bhat et al, 2012;Singla et al, 2013;Cho, and Yoon, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and sero-molecular characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> with an emphasis on hybrid strain in healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves in Egypt

Aref¹,

Abdel-Raheem²,

Kamaly³

et al. 2018

Open Vet J.

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The present study was carried out to characterize pathogenic E. coli in apparently healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves with special reference to the hybrid E. coli strains and evaluate their clinical and hematobiochemical consequences. One hundred and seventy calves (age 1-30 days) were divided into two groups: apparently healthy (n = 70) and diarrheic (n=100). Animals were subjected to thorough clinical, hematobiochemical and bacteriological examinations. Clinically, diarrheic calves showed various degree of diarrhea with the presence of cardinal signs of dehydration in moderate and severe cases. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the hemogram parameters with uremia and hyperkalemia in calves with severe diarrhea. The O-H serotyping of cultural and biochemically positive isolates identified 31 isolates belonging to 12 serotypes including O44:H18, O55:H7, O146:H21, O113:H4, O121:H7, O26:H11, O91:H21, O111:H2, O8, O127: H6, O86 and O128:H2. Molecular characterization of E. coli isolates on three toxin genes: heat-stable enterotoxin (sta), shiga toxin type 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2) revealed two well-known pathotypes (EPEC O44:H18, O55:H7, O146:H21, O113:H4, O121:H7 and EHEC O26:H11 O91:H21 O111:H2) with high frequency of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Molecular analysis also showed a number of E. coli isolates that carry sta and stx1 or sta and stx2 gene and belonged to O8, and O127:H6, O86 and O128:H2. These isolates were identified as hybrid E. coli strains (ETEC-STEC) and found in both apparently healthy and diarrheic calves. In conclusion, the present study identified high frequency of pathogenic E. coli in both apparently healthy and diarrheic calves. Serological and molecular analysis of E. coli isolates showed that high frequency of EHEC and presence of a new phenotype, STEC–ETEC hybrid, revealing their importance in the etiopathogenesis of diarrhea in calves and reinforcing the role of these animals as a reservoir of potentially pathogenic E. coli for humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and sero-molecular characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> with an emphasis on hybrid strain in healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves in Egypt

Aref¹,

Abdel-Raheem²,

Kamaly³

et al. 2018

Open Vet J.

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“…At a global scale, neonatal diarrhoea is associated with five primary enteropathogens: Cryptosporidium parvum, rotaviruses, bovine coronavirus (BCV), enterotoxigaenic Escherichia coli (Е. coli K99) (Garcia et al, 2000), and Salmonella, all causing diarrhoea. Outbreaks at farms are often observed, especially when the animals originate from different farms with unknown immunological status (Naylor, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and morphological investigations in a spontaneous cryptosporidium enteritis outbreak in calves

Kalkanov¹,

Dinev²,

Dimitrov³

et al. 2016

BJVM

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SummaryKalkanov, I., I. Dinev, K. Dimitrov & P. Iliev, 2016. Clinical and morphological investigations in a spontaneous Cryptosporidium enteritis outbreak in calves. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 19, No 4,[334][335][336][337][338][339] The purpose of this report was to present the results of histopathological examination during the course of a natural Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak, as well as the morphology of cells infiltrating affected gastrointestinal tract areas in newborn calves. The study included 18 calves exhibiting a marked diarrhoeic syndrome, between 1 and 8 days of age. Sporulated C. parvum oocysts were demonstrated in faecal smears stained by the method of Henriksen. Coproantigens of C. parvum were detected by the rapid Rainbow calf scour 5 BIO K 306 test. Gross lesions were mainly present in the gastrointestinal tract, together with inflammation in regional mesenteric lymph nodes. Microscopic histopathological lesions consisted mainly in desquamative catarrh of intestinal mucosa and intestinal villous atrophy. The affected intestinal epithelium contained multiple Cryptosporidium spp. forms at different stage of the life cycle. The results from histopathological studies of the outbreak allowed confirming some main morphogenetic features of the disease caused by C. parvum in newborn and growing calves.

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“…Η απομόνωση του αιτίου της νόσου θα πρέπει να συνοδεύε ται και από δοκιμή ευαισθησίας του βακτηρίου στα διά φορα αντιβιοτικά 2 . Η ευαισθησία των διαφόρων στελεχών της£.…”

Section: θεραπευτικα μετραunclassified

Diarrhoea in neonatal small ruminants: Updated review and proposed measures for its control in Greece.

Kritas

Karatzias²,

Alexopoulos³

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ. Οι διάρροιες των νεογέννητων αμνοεριφίων α ποτελούν μια σημαντική κατηγορία παθολογικών καταστά σεων, οι οποίες ευθύνονται για την πρόκληση σοβαρών οικο νομικών απωλειών, τόσο για την ελληνική όσο και για την παγκόσμια αιγοπροβατοτροφία. Τα εντεροτοξινογόνα στε λέχη της Escherichia coli, το Clostridium perfringens τΰπου Β, ο ροταϊός, ο κορωναϊος, το Cryptosporidium spp. και το Rimeria spp., αποτελούν τους κυριότερους αιτιολογικούς πα ράγοντες πρόκλησης διαρροιών στα νεογέννητα αμνοερίφια έως την ηλικία των 3-4 εβδομάδων. Στην εργασία αυτή πα ρουσιάζονται πληροφορίες σχετικές με τους παθογόνους μι κροοργανισμούς, τον τρόπο με τον οποίο προκαλούν τη διάρ ροια και την κλινική και νεκροτομική εικόνα που θα βοηθή σουν τη διάγνωση μαζί με τις ανάλογες εργαστηριακές εξε τάσεις σε κάθε περίπτωση. Ταυτόχρονα παρατίθενται και προτείνονται θεραπευτικά και προληπτικά μέτρα, τα οποία αποσκοπούν στον αποτελεσματικό έλεγχο των διαρροιών και στην πρόληψη εμφάνισης τους, δίνοντας έμφαση στις συν θήκες που επικρατούν στις ελληνικές εκτροφές. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗΟι διάρροιες των νεογέννητοι αμνοεριφίων (ο όρος «νεογέννητα» οτην εργασία αυτή περιγράφει τα αμνοερί φια μέχρι την ηλικία 3-4 εβδομάδων) αποτελούν ένα από τα σημαντικότερα αίτια απωλειών στους πληθυσμούς των αιγοπροβάτων τόσο σε πανελλήνια όσο και σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. Συνήθως συνδέονται με την εσφαλμένη κτηνια τρική διαχείριση των ζώων, και κυρίως με τις άσχημες συν θήκες σταβλισμού, διατροφής και υγιεινής των εκτροφών, αλλά και με την ελλιπή εφαρμογή προληπτικών προγραμ-μάπον 1 .Στην αιτιοπαθογένεια των διαρροιών πον νεαρών α μνοεριφίων γενικότερα, εμπλέκονται πολλοί παθογόνοι μικροοργανισμοί, όπως οι ιοί (κορωναϊοί, ροταϊοί, αδε-νοϊοί, ερπητοϊού ιός της πάνοπλους πον βοοειδών, ιός της πανώλουςπον μικριόν μηρυκαστικών), βακτήρια (

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Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

Clinical and sero-molecular characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> with an emphasis on hybrid strain in healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves in Egypt

Clinical and sero-molecular characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> with an emphasis on hybrid strain in healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves in Egypt

Clinical and morphological investigations in a spontaneous cryptosporidium enteritis outbreak in calves

Diarrhoea in neonatal small ruminants: Updated review and proposed measures for its control in Greece.

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