Neonatal Blood Pressure and Salt Taste Responsiveness

Zinner, Stephen H.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; Lipsitt, Lewis P.; Rosner, Bernard

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000029973.76439.ab

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…It may be that suboptimal feeding practices in infancy adversely influence developing taste preferences (32,33) or food habits and may contribute to poorer food choices and health outcomes over the life course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet spanning infancy and toddlerhood is associated with child blood pressure at age 7.5 y

Brazionis¹,

Golley²,

Mittinty³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet spanning infancy and toddlerhood is associated with child blood pressure at age 7.5 y

Brazionis¹,

Golley²,

Mittinty³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Others have shown that in healthy neonates 2-4 days old, intake of a test NaCl solution is correlated to birth weight [and blood pressure (53)]. By 2 mo of age this is reversed to a negative correlation, which may persist to 3 to 4 yr (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowest neonatal serum sodium predicts sodium intake in low birth weight children

Shirazki

Weintraub²,

Reich³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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with low birth weight of 1,218.2 Ϯ 36.6 g (range, 765-1,580 g) were selected from hospital archives on the basis of whether they had received neonatal diuretic treatment or as healthy matched controls. The children were tested for salt appetite and sweet preference, including rating of preferred concentration of salt in tomato soup (and sugar in tea), ratings of oral spray (NaCl and sucrose solutions), intake of salt or sweet snack items, and a food-seasoning, liking, and dietary questionnaire. Results showed that sodium appetite was not related to neonatal diuretic treatment, birth weight, or gestational age. However, there was a robust inverse correlation (r ϭ Ϫ0.445, P Ͻ 0.005) between reported dietary sodium intake and the neonatal lowest serum sodium level (NLS) recorded for each child as an index of sodium loss. The relationship of NLS and dietary sodium intake was found in both boys and girls and in both Arab and Jewish children, despite marked ethnic differences in dietary sources of sodium. Hence, low NLS predicts increased intake of dietary sodium in low birth weight children some 8 -15 yr later. Taken together with other recent evidence, it is now clear that perinatal sodium loss, from a variety of causes, is a consistent and significant contributor to long-term sodium intake. dietary sodium; humans; hyponatremia; neonates; perinatal programming; sodium appetite THE SOURCE OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATION in salt appetite and why many people ingest an excess of salt are not known. Early development is considered to be a crucial period for establishing individuality in behavior and may similarly determine individual differences in salt preference. Yet attempts in rats to relate early sodium intake to long-term salt preference have yielded inconsistent results (11,29,37). Similarly, in humans, studies on the determinants of individual variability in salt preference and intake that have concentrated on exposure, acculturation, and learning, particularly in infancy and childhood, have not revealed the determinants of individual variability in salt preference (7, 18, 34) although they have shown how a particular salty food becomes preferred (47).On the other hand, in rats, long-term increases in salt intake have been found consequent on varied instances of perinatal mineralofluid loss: offspring of dams that during pregnancy were dehydrated, lost sodium, or had their hormones of sodium conservation activated, or rats that were acutely sodium deprived postnatally, all show increased sodium intake in adulthood (4,16,26,29,48). Similarly, in humans, maternal vomiting during pregnancy increases offspring salt preference, as do childhood vomiting, diarrhea, salt wasting, and electrolyte deficient feeding (9,10,23,27,42).Much of the human data are based on recall, and it thus remains to be proven that confirmed neonatal sodium deficit increases salt appetite enduringly in humans. In an earlier attempt, we tested children who had received neonatal diuretic therapy, and found that five children who had received neonatal di...

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“…In a study of human neonates, the preference for water, 0.1 or 0.3 molar sodium chloride solution, was measured. 30 Those neonates favoring the taste of salt had higher blood pressures than those preferring water.…”

Section: Salt Appetitementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure

Jones

2004

Hypertension

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T he importance of dietary sodium chloride in the regulation of blood pressure has received much attention over the past few years. This area of research and knowledge has been controversial for several reasons. The major reason for controversy is that the science of the relationship is difficult to ascertain. Population science is limited by the narrow range of dietary sodium intake by most populations and individuals and the multiple confounders in those populations at the extremes of intake. Results from clinical trials have been difficult to interpret because of the difficulty in maintaining a given level of sodium intake over a period of time sufficient for study. Furthermore, basic science studies have been challenged by identifying appropriate models that mimic salt-sensitive hypertension in humans. Moreover, a lack of a well-funded proponent in industry complicates the research challenges.Guyton's concept that the role of the kidney in handling sodium is key to the long-term regulation of blood pressure is now generally accepted. 1 However, the exact role that dietary sodium plays in this relationship remains controversial. The relationship between renal handling of sodium and blood pressure is apparently influenced by a complex combination of factors including nutritional, other environmental, genetic, neurohormonal, and metabolic factors.The skepticism of many regarding the role of dietary sodium in blood pressure regulation and control has been tempered by the results of the DASH sodium study. 2 Most acknowledge that this study reliably confirmed the benefit of dietary sodium restriction in blood pressure management. The study showed a dose-dependent impact of dietary sodium restriction on blood pressure in older hypertensive and nonhypertensive subjects. For many interested in this area of research, the questions have shifted as a result of the DASH sodium study. Rather than questioning whether dietary sodium is important, many investigators have turned their attention to other important unanswered questions related to dietary sodium and blood pressure: Are all persons saltsensitive if exposed to changes in intake for a sufficient period of time? What are practical methods for determining salt sensitivity in humans? What are the mechanisms involved in the dietary sodium/blood pressure relationship? Are there significant blood pressure-independent effects of dietary sodium on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality?This Hypertension Highlights article reviews evidence from the past 2 years that enhances our knowledge and understanding of the role of dietary sodium in the complex regulation of blood pressure. Salt SensitivityNow that there is broad consensus that dietary sodium can influence blood pressure, one of the most pressing questions regarding salt sensitivity is, who benefits from manipulation of dietary sodium? On one side of the issue are those who believe that moderate dietary sodium restriction is beneficial for all, harmful for none, and that adequate methods for identifying sodium...

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Neonatal Blood Pressure and Salt Taste Responsiveness

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Diet spanning infancy and toddlerhood is associated with child blood pressure at age 7.5 y

Diet spanning infancy and toddlerhood is associated with child blood pressure at age 7.5 y

Lowest neonatal serum sodium predicts sodium intake in low birth weight children

Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure

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