Neonatal birth asphyxia and associated factors among newborns delivered and admitted to NICU in selected public hospitals, under Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background In developing countries birth asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the implementation of various strategies and interventions to combat neonatal mortality rates, birth asphyxia remains the main public health concern in Ethiopia. Moreover, limited studies have been conducted, especially in the study area and there are no multicenter analyses available to generate evidence for action. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of birth asphyxia among newborns in the selected public hospitals of the Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau. Methods Three hundred forty-three mother-child pairs who used delivery services and gave birth in the selected public hospitals were included in the study, and institution based cross sectional study design was employed. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A pretested, structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The physician’s/health care professionals diagnosis of an Apgar score less than 7 within the first five minutes of life led to the confirmation of the diagnosis of birth asphyxia. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis after the data were exported from Epi Info version 7.2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis included variables which had P-values less than 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression analysis. The study findings were expressed using adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, and P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare the statistical significance. Results The magnitude of birth asphyxia was found to be 17.1% [95% CI; (13.2–21.5)] at the first 5 min. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis cord accident [AOR = 6.24: 95% CI; (1.24–31.32)], prolonged duration of labor [AOR = 2.49: 95% CI; (1.93–10.89)], and meconium-stained amniotic fluid [AOR = 3.33: 95% CI; (1.73–6.41)] were the predictors of birth asphyxia. Conclusions The findings of this research indicate that birth asphyxia is a prevalent neonatal problem at the study area. Therefore, the Addis Ababa Health Bureau must prioritize integrated mitigation interventions targeting high-risk pregnancies to achieve national and international commitment to sustainable changes in newborn health.