Neonatal Behavior and Nutrition-Related Mortality in Domestic Swine

Hartsock, Thomas G.; Graves, H.B.

doi:10.2527/jas1976.421235x

Cited by 125 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, RBO accounted only for approximately 1.6% of the variations observed in piglet birth weight. In contrast, several authors reported that piglets born earlier during farrowing were heavier than those born later (Friend& Cunningham, 1966;Hartsock & Graves, 1976;and Motsi et al, 2006). Average colostrum production of sows and CI of piglets 6 were similar to that previously described in the literature: 3.4-4.9 kg/sow and 300-380 g/piglet (Devillers et al, 2007;Quesnel, 2011;Loisel et al, 2013;Charneca et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Late born piglets are reported to have a higher mortality rate after birth than earlier born littermates (Hartsock & Graves, 1976;Tuchscherer et al, 2000;Rootwelt et al, 2012;Panzardi et al, 2013). In addition to obtaining less immune protection, late-born piglets are reported to be at greater risk of hypoxia and of death during or just after birth (Randall, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, piglets in the same litter do not have a similar chance to obtain sufficient energy and colostral immunoglobulins (Ig). Compared with the first-born littermates, those born later in the birth order are reported to be lighter at birth (Friend & Cunningham, 1966;Hartsock & Graves, 1976;Motsi et al, 2006). However, according to Beaulieu et al (2010) and Charneca et al (2013a), birth weight and birth order are positively correlated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Relationship between birth order, birth weight, colostrum intake, acquisition of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets

Dividich

Charneca

Thomas

2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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This study investigates the relation between birth order (BO), birth weight (BW 0 ), colostrum intake (CI), level of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The animals used were 551 cross-bred piglets [Piétrain × (Large-White × Landrace)] born from 40 sows. Colostrum immunoglobulins G (IgG) determinations were made from 17 sows. Colostrum samples were obtained at birth of the first piglet then at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h later, and on the first-two and the last-two piglets born. Serum IgG determinations from 68 piglets were made at 2d of age and at weaning. Individual CI was estimated from body weight gain. Relative birth order (RBO) and BW 0 within-litter were weakly (R 2 <0.05) but positively correlated (p<0.01). Colostrum intake of piglets was independent from RBO (p>0.10) but increased by 26 ± 1.6 g per 100 g increase in BW0 (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of the last two born piglets were 29.5% lower (p<0.01) than the first two born at 2 d of age, and 25% (p<0.05) at weaning. They were also lower at weaning than at 2 d of age (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of piglets at weaning and at 2 d of age were positively correlated (R 2 =0.50, p<0.001). Within-litter, CI explained 11% (p<0.01) of the variation observed in piglets' IgG at 2d of age. Mortality of piglets was irrespective of RBO (p>0.10). It was concluded that despite last-born piglets obtained less passive immunity than first-born, they were not at higher risk of dying before weaning. Major causes of mortality were low birth weight and insufficient colostrum (energy) intake.Additional keywords: neonatal pig; colostrum consumption; immunoglobulin G; survival Abbreviations used: BA (born alive piglets); BO (birth order); BW 0 (birth weight); CI (colostrum intake); CP (crude protein); DE (digestible energy); Ig (immunoglobulins); IgG (immunoglobulin G); LG (light weight piglets category); NM (normal weight piglets category); RBO (relative birth order); SP (sucking piglets); TB (total born piglets); t fs (time elapsed from birth to the first sucking, min).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Relationship between birth order, birth weight, colostrum intake, acquisition of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets

Dividich

Charneca

Thomas

2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Neonatal piglets are highly dependent upon the sow for vital colostral milk gamma globulins (Curtis & Bourne, 1971), ambient body heat for temperature regulation, and protection from predators (Hartsock & Graves, 1976;Nowak, Porter, Lévy, Orgeur, & Schaal, 2000). The sow also serves as an important source of various environmental stimuli for the piglets.…”

Section: Social Playmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosing Around: Play in Pigs

Horback¹

2014

ABC

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-The predominant method of measuring welfare in swine focuses on overt physical ailments, such as skin lesions, lameness, and body condition. An alternative metric for assessing welfare in swine can be to measure the frequency and duration of positive behavioral states, such as play. Given that play occurs only when an animal's primary needs (food, comfort, safety, etc.) have been satisfied, it has been suggested that play may be a sensitive indicator for assessing the welfare of non-human animals. Play has primarily been described in young piglets and is assessed via the occurrence of specific play markers. These play markers include overt bursts of energy like scamper, or more subtle social behaviors like nose-to-body contact. This review describes four areas of play for swine: locomotor, object, sow-piglet, and, peer play. From sporadic leaping to combative wrestling, play behavior allows for the fine-tuning of reflexive behavior which can enhance physical development, enrich cognitive abilities, and facilitate the maintenance of social bonds.

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“…1973), and logicalandbehavioralactivitiesinanimals. the series of events taking place during The physical characteristics of the piglet, (Randall 1972) and after parturition (Hartsock et al 1977) have a tremendous influ-to seek a teat and suckle soon after birth should enhance the chance of survival (Hartsock and Graves 1976 companied by a lack of hormonal synthesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Serum Testosterone Levels, Sex and Teat-Seeking Ability of Newborn Piglets

Bate¹,

Hacker²,

Kreukniet³

1985

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1985. The relationship between serum testosterone levels, sex and teat-seeking ability of newborn piglets. Can. J. Anim. Blood samples were collected from five pregnant sows from day 1l l postbreeding to farrowing and from their piglets at regular intervals between birth and 48 h. The time between birth and first suckling (BTS) was recorded for each piglet. Maternal serum testosterone (T) levels were detectable only at the beginning of parturition and were highly correlated (r:0.83) with litter BTS. Serum T levels of male and female piglets were similar at birth. In male piglets the T levels increased to a peak 2h after birth and decreased gradually thereafter. In contrast, the T levels of female piglets declined rapidly after birth to baseline levels. The BTS of female piglets was shorter than that of male piglets. Body weight of males was higher than that of females and was influenced by litter size. These results suggest that the higher serum T levels of male piglets may have a detrimental effect on their teat-seeking ability. For personal use only.

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Neonatal Behavior and Nutrition-Related Mortality in Domestic Swine

Cited by 125 publications

References 9 publications

Relationship between birth order, birth weight, colostrum intake, acquisition of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets

Relationship between birth order, birth weight, colostrum intake, acquisition of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets

Nosing Around: Play in Pigs

The Relationship Between Serum Testosterone Levels, Sex and Teat-Seeking Ability of Newborn Piglets

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